High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, considered an emerging toxin in Europe where recently a safety limit of 44 µg TTX kg was recommended by authorities. In this study, three specimens of the large gastropod trumpet shell bought in a market in south Portugal were analyzed using a neuroblastoma...

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Published in:Toxins 2021-03, Vol.13 (4), p.250
Main Authors: Costa, Pedro Reis, Giráldez, Jorge, Rodrigues, Susana Margarida, Leão, José Manuel, Pinto, Estefanía, Soliño, Lucía, Gago-Martínez, Ana
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological Monitoring
Cell Line, Tumor
Charonia
Chromatography
Chromatography, Liquid
Food Contamination
Food safety
Gastropoda
Gastropoda - chemistry
HILIC-MS/MS
Humans
marine biotoxins
Mollusks
Muscles
Neuroblastoma
Neurotoxins
Oceans and Seas
Poisoning
Resource management
Risk Assessment
Safety
Safety management
Seafood
Seafood - analysis
seafood safety
Snails
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin - analysis
Toxicity
Toxins
Viscera
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description Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, considered an emerging toxin in Europe where recently a safety limit of 44 µg TTX kg was recommended by authorities. In this study, three specimens of the large gastropod trumpet shell bought in a market in south Portugal were analyzed using a neuroblastoma cell (N2a) based assay and by LC-MS/MS. N2a toxicity was observed in the viscera of two individuals analyzed and LC-MS/MS showed very high concentrations of TTX (42.1 mg kg ) and 4,9-anhydroTTX (56.3 mg kg ). A third compound with 318 and structurally related with TTX was observed. In the edible portion, i.e., the muscle, toxin levels were below the EFSA recommended limit. This study shows that trumpet shell marine snails are seafood species that may reach the markets containing low TTX levels in the edible portion but containing very high levels of TTX in non-edible portion raising concerns regarding food safety if a proper evisceration is not carried out by consumers. These results highlight the need for better understanding TTX variability in this gastropod species, which is critical to developing a proper legal framework for resources management ensuring seafood safety, and the introduction of these gastropods in the markets.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/toxins13040250
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subjects Animals
Biological Monitoring
Cell Line, Tumor
Charonia
Chromatography
Chromatography, Liquid
Food Contamination
Food safety
Gastropoda
Gastropoda - chemistry
HILIC-MS/MS
Humans
marine biotoxins
Mollusks
Muscles
Neuroblastoma
Neurotoxins
Oceans and Seas
Poisoning
Resource management
Risk Assessment
Safety
Safety management
Seafood
Seafood - analysis
seafood safety
Snails
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin - analysis
Toxicity
Toxins
Viscera
title High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast
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