The Combined Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Rhizobium on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Status in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Plant growth regulators and Rhizobium are actively involved in the regulation of flowering, pod formation, nodulation, and ultimately the growth and yield of legumes. However, very limited information is available on the combined effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and Rhizobium on growth attributes an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Agronomy (Basel) 2021-01, Vol.11 (1), p.105
Main Authors: Rafique, Munazza, Naveed, Muhammad, Mustafa, Adnan, Akhtar, Saleem, Munawar, Muneeb, Kaukab, Sadia, Ali, Hayssam M., Siddiqui, Manzer H., Salem, Mohamed Z. M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Bioaccumulation
chickpea
Chickpeas
Chlorophyll
crop production
Fertilizers
Flowering
Gibberellic acid
Growth regulators
Hormones
Inoculation
Legumes
Nodulation
Nodules
nutritional quality
Nutritional status
PGRs
Plant growth
Rhizobium
Soil fertility
Stover
Synergistic effect
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Summary:Plant growth regulators and Rhizobium are actively involved in the regulation of flowering, pod formation, nodulation, and ultimately the growth and yield of legumes. However, very limited information is available on the combined effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and Rhizobium on growth attributes and yield of legume crops. This experiment was designed to fill this gap by studying the performance of chickpea under exogenous application of GA3 (10−4 and 10−5 M) alone and in combination with Rhizobium. Exogenous application of GA3 (10−5 M) combined with rhizobium inoculation gave the highest values for number of nodules per plant (16) and their dry biomass (0.22 g). Moreover, GA3 application and seed inoculation with Rhizobium, when applied singly, significantly enhanced chickpea growth. However, the most promising results were obtained by the inoculation of Rhizobium accompanied with GA3 (10−5 M). Plant height, grain and stover yield, and chlorophyll contents were enhanced up to 35%, 39%, 21%, and 51%, respectively. Likewise, the bioaccumulation of macronutrients (N, P and K) was maximum in plants receiving both Rhizobium inoculation and GA3 application. It is concluded that the combined application of Rhizobium and GA3 has synergistic effects on the growth, yield, and nutrient contents of chickpea.
ISSN:2073-4395
2073-4395
DOI:10.3390/agronomy11010105