Bioconversion of Carrot Pomace to Value-Added Products: Rhizopus delemar Fungal Biomass and Cellulose

Carrot pomace (CP) which is generated in a large volume in the juice production process, is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, sugars, pectin, and minerals. However, in many previous investigations, only cellulose was purified and utilized while other components of CP were discarded as waste. Here, C...

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Published in:Fermentation (Basel) 2023-04, Vol.9 (4), p.374
Main Authors: Mousavi, S. Najmeh, Parchami, Mohsen, Ramamoorthy, Sunil Kumar, Soufiani, Amir Mahboubi, Hakkarainen, Minna, Zamani, Akram
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bioconversion
Biomass
Biomaterials
Biopolymers
Bioreactors
Carbohydrate analysis
carrot pomace
Carrots
Cell culture
Cellulose
enzymatic hydrolysis
Enzymes
Ethanol
filamentous fungi
fungal cultivation
Fungi
Glucose
Hemicellulose
Infrared spectroscopy
Lignin
Microorganisms
Nutrients
Pectin
Polysaccharides
Rhizopus delemar
Sucrose
Textile fibers
Textiles
Vegetables
Wastewater treatment
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Summary:Carrot pomace (CP) which is generated in a large volume in the juice production process, is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, sugars, pectin, and minerals. However, in many previous investigations, only cellulose was purified and utilized while other components of CP were discarded as waste. Here, CP was valorized into fungal biomass and cellulose with the aim of utilizing all the CP components. Enzymatic pretreatments were applied to solubilize the digestible fraction of CP including hemicellulose, pectin, sucrose, and other sugars for fungal cultivation, while cellulose remained intact in the solid fraction. The dissolved fraction was utilized as a substrate for the cultivation of an edible fungus (Rhizopus delemar). Fungal cultivation was performed in shake flasks and bench-scale bioreactors. The highest fungal biomass concentration was obtained after pretreatment with invertase (5.01 g/L) after 72 h of cultivation (36 and 42% higher than the concentrations obtained after hemicellulase and pectinase treatments, respectively). Invertase pretreatment resulted in the hydrolysis of sucrose, which could then be taken up by the fungus. Carbohydrate analysis showed 28–33% glucan, 4.1–4.9% other polysaccharides, 0.01% lignin, and 2.7–7% ash in the CP residues after enzymatic pretreatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis also confirmed the presence of cellulose in this fraction. The obtained fungal biomass has a high potential for food or feed applications, or as a raw material for the development of biomaterials. Cellulose could be purified from the solid fraction and used for applications such as biobased-textiles or membranes for wastewater treatment, where pure cellulose is needed.
ISSN:2311-5637
2311-5637
DOI:10.3390/fermentation9040374