The Role of Zinc in the Development of Vascular Dementia and Parkinson's Disease and the Potential of Carnosine as Their Therapeutic Agent

Synaptic zinc ions (Zn ) play an important role in the development of vascular dementia (VD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this article, we reviewed the current comprehension of the Zn -induced neurotoxicity that leads to the pathogenesis of these neuronal diseases. Zn -induced neurotoxicity...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2024-06, Vol.12 (6), p.1296
Main Authors: Mizuno, Dai, Kawahara, Masahiro, Konoha-Mizuno, Keiko, Hama, Ryoji, Ogawara, Terumasa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Anguilla japonica
Apoptosis
Binswanger's disease
Carnosine
Cell death
Cytotoxicity
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Diet therapy
Disease
Diseases
Dopamine
endoplasmic reticulum stress
Enzymes
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Genes
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Hypothalamus
Ischemia
Japan
Kinases
Molecular modelling
Movement disorders
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurotoxicity
Older people
Oxidative stress
Parkinson's disease
Pathogenesis
Physiological aspects
Proteins
Review
Sexually transmitted diseases
STD
synapse
Synaptogenesis
Therapeutic applications
Transcription factors
Vascular dementia
Zinc
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Summary:Synaptic zinc ions (Zn ) play an important role in the development of vascular dementia (VD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). In this article, we reviewed the current comprehension of the Zn -induced neurotoxicity that leads to the pathogenesis of these neuronal diseases. Zn -induced neurotoxicity was investigated by using immortalised hypothalamic neurons (GT1-7 cells). This cell line is useful for the development of a rapid and convenient screening system for investigating Zn -induced neurotoxicity. GT1-7 cells were also used to search for substances that prevent Zn -induced neurotoxicity. Among the tested substances was a protective substance in the extract of Japanese eel ( ), and we determined its structure to be like carnosine (β-alanylhistidine). Carnosine may be a therapeutic drug for VD and PD. Furthermore, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms that involve the role of carnosine as an endogenous protector and its protective effect against Zn -induced cytotoxicity and discussed the prospects for the future therapeutic applications of this dipeptide for neurodegenerative diseases and dementia.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines12061296