Tick⁻Virus⁻Host Interactions at the Cutaneous Interface: The Nidus of Flavivirus Transmission

Tick-borne viral diseases continue to emerge in the United States, as clearly evident from the increase in Powassan encephalitis virus, Heartland virus, and Bourbon virus infections. Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) are transmitted to the mammalian host along with the infected tick saliva during bloo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2018-07, Vol.10 (7), p.362
Main Authors: Hermance, Meghan E, Thangamani, Saravanan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Arachnids
Chemokines
cutaneous
Cytokines
Dendritic cells
Disease
Encephalitis
Feeding
flavivirus
Flavivirus - physiology
Flavivirus Infections - immunology
Flavivirus Infections - transmission
Flavivirus Infections - virology
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Immune privilege
Infections
Inflammation
interface
Mice
Review
Saliva
Saliva - virology
Skin
Skin - immunology
Skin - pathology
Skin - virology
tick
Ticks - virology
Time Factors
Virology
Virus Replication
Viruses
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Summary:Tick-borne viral diseases continue to emerge in the United States, as clearly evident from the increase in Powassan encephalitis virus, Heartland virus, and Bourbon virus infections. Tick-borne flaviviruses (TBFVs) are transmitted to the mammalian host along with the infected tick saliva during blood-feeding. Successful tick feeding is facilitated by a complex repertoire of pharmacologically active salivary proteins/factors in tick saliva. These salivary factors create an immunologically privileged micro-environment in the host’s skin that influences virus transmission and pathogenesis. In this review, we will highlight tick determinants of TBFV transmission with a special emphasis on tick⁻virus⁻host interactions at the cutaneous interface.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v10070362