Multi-year observations of variable incomplete combustion in the New York megacity

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a regulated air pollutant that impacts tropospheric chemistry and is an important indicator of the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. In this study, we used 4 years (2019–2022) of winter and spring (January–May) atmospheric CO observations to quantify and characteri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Atmospheric chemistry and physics 2024-09, Vol.24 (17), p.10129-10142
Main Authors: Schiferl, Luke D, Cao, Cong, Dalton, Bronte, Hallward-Driemeier, Andrew, Toledo-Crow, Ricardo, Commane, Róisín
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air pollution
Air quality management
Aircraft
Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric research
Atmospheric transport
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide emissions
Combustion
COVID-19
Efficiency
Emission standards
Emissions
Environmental regulations
Greenhouse gases
Industrial plant emissions
Megacities
Meteorology
Metropolitan areas
Oxidation
Pollutants
Pollution sources
Satellites
Shutdowns
Spring
Transportation industry
Trends
Tropospheric chemistry
Urban areas
Variability
Vehicles
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
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Summary:Carbon monoxide (CO) is a regulated air pollutant that impacts tropospheric chemistry and is an important indicator of the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. In this study, we used 4 years (2019–2022) of winter and spring (January–May) atmospheric CO observations to quantify and characterize city-scale CO enhancements (ΔCO) from the New York City metropolitan area (NYCMA). We observed large variability in ΔCO, roughly 60 % of which was explained by atmospheric transport from the surrounding surface areas to the measurement sites, with the remaining 40 % due to changes in emissions on sub-monthly timescales. We evaluated the CO emissions from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), which has been used to scale greenhouse gas emissions, and found the emissions are much too low in magnitude. During the COVID-19 shutdown in spring 2020, we observed a flattening of the diurnal pattern of CO emissions, consistent with reductions in daytime transportation. Our results highlight the role of meteorology in driving the variability in air pollutants and show that the transportation sector is unlikely to account for the non-shutdown observed CO emission magnitude and variability, an important distinction for determining the sources of combustion emissions in urban regions like the NYCMA.
ISSN:1680-7324
1680-7316
1680-7324
DOI:10.5194/acp-24-10129-2024