Acromegaly caused by a GHRH-producing pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: a rare manifestation of MEN1 syndrome

• Published in: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports diabetes & metabolism case reports, 2022-02, Vol.2022 (1), p.1-5
• Main Authors: Koivikko, Minna, Ebeling, Tapani, Mäkinen, Markus, Leppäluoto, Juhani, Raappana, Antti, Ahtiainen, Petteri, Salmela, Pasi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Finland; Gastroenterology; General Practice; Genetics; Insight into Disease Pathogenesis or Mechanism of Therapy; Male; Neuroendocrinology; Pancreas; Tumours and Neoplasia; White
• ISSN: 2052-0573; 2052-0573
• DOI: 10.1530/EDM-21-0079

Summary Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 NM_001370259.2(MEN1):c.466G>C(p.Gly156Arg) is characterized by tumors of various endocrine organs. We report on a rare, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)-releasing pancreatic tumor in a MEN1 patient with a long-term follow-up after surgery. A 22-year-old male with MEN1 syndrome, primary hyperparathyroidism and an acromegalic habitus was observed to have a pancreatic tumor on abdominal CT scanning, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were elevated and plasma GHRH was exceptionally high. GHRH and GH were measured before the treatment and were followed during the study. During octreotide treatment, IGF1 normalized and the GH curve was near normal. After surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, a pancreatic tail tumor was enucleated. The tumor cells were positive for GHRH antibody staining. After the operation, acromegaly was cured as judged by laboratory tests. No reactivation of acromegaly has been seen during a 20-year follow-up. In conclusion, an ectopic GHRH-producing, pancreatic endocrine neoplasia may represent a rare manifestation of MEN1 syndrome. Learning points Clinical suspicion is in a key position in detecting acromegaly. Remember genetic disorders with young individuals having primary hyperparathyroidism. Consider multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome when a person has several endocrine neoplasia. Acromegaly may be of ectopic origin with patients showing no abnormalities in radiological imaging of the pituitary gland.