The Long-Term Immunogenicity of mRNABNT162b Third Vaccine Dose in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

We investigated humoral and T-cell response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients (SOT-Rs) and healthy donors (HDs) before (T0) and after two (T1) and twelve months (T2) since the third dose administration. SOT-Rs were stratified according to the transplanted organ and to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2024-02, Vol.12 (3), p.224
Main Authors: Zingaropoli, Maria Antonella, Guardiani, Mariasilvia, Dominelli, Federica, Tortellini, Eeva, Garofalo, Manuela, Cogliati Dezza, Francesco, Centofanti, Anastasia, Carillo, Carolina, Napoli, Anna, Venuta, Federico, Mastroianni, Claudio Maria, Pretagostini, Renzo, Lichtner, Miriam, Ciardi, Maria Rosa, Russo, Gianluca
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anti-spike antibody
Antibodies
BNT162b2 vaccine
COVID-19 vaccines
Cytokines
flow-cytometry
Health aspects
humoral response
Immunogenicity
Kidney transplants
Lymphocytes T
mRNA
Organ transplant recipients
Pandemics
Population
Seroconversion
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SOT-Rs
Subgroups
T-cell response
Vaccine efficacy
Vaccines
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Summary:We investigated humoral and T-cell response to a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients (SOT-Rs) and healthy donors (HDs) before (T0) and after two (T1) and twelve months (T2) since the third dose administration. SOT-Rs were stratified according to the transplanted organ and to the time elapsed since the transplant. In SOT-Rs, detectable levels of anti-S antibodies were observed in 44%, 81% and 88% at T0, T1 and T2, respectively. Conversely, anti-S antibody levels were detected in 100% of HD at all time points. Lower antibody titers were observed in SOT-Rs compared to HDs, even stratifying by transplanted organs and the time elapsed since transplant. Lower percentages of responding and polyfunctional T-cells were observed in SOT-Rs as well as in each subgroup of SOT-Rs compared to HDs. At both T0 and T1, in SOT-Rs, a predominance of one cytokine production shortly was observed. Conversely, at T2, a dynamic change in the T-cells subset distribution was observed, similar to what was observed in HDs. In SOT-Rs, the third dose increased the rate of seroconversion, although anti-S levels remained lower compared to HDs, and a qualitatively inferior T-cell response to vaccination was observed. Vaccine effectiveness in SOT-Rs is still suboptimal and might be improved by booster doses and prophylactic strategies.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines12030224