The cytotoxic synergy between Clostridioides difficile toxin B and proinflammatory cytokines: an unholy alliance favoring the onset of Clostridioides difficile infection and relapses

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents an important health problem worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. This infection has also high recurrence rates, whose pathophysiological grounds are still poorly understood. Based on our experiments in vitro with Clostridioides diff...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:MicrobiologyOpen (Weinheim) 2020-08, Vol.9 (8), p.e1061-n/a
Main Authors: Bassotti, Gabrio, Marchegiani, Andrea, Marconi, Pierfrancesco, Fettucciari, Katia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibiotics
Apoptosis
Cell cycle
Clostridioides difficile infection
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Glial cells
infection relapses
Infections
Inflammation
Interferon
Metabolism
Morbidity
proinflammatory cytokines
Senescence
Toxicity
Toxin B
Toxins
Tumor necrosis factor-α
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Summary:Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents an important health problem worldwide, with significant morbidity and mortality. This infection has also high recurrence rates, whose pathophysiological grounds are still poorly understood. Based on our experiments in vitro with Clostridioides difficile toxin B and existing experimental and clinical evidence, we propose that primary CDI and relapses might be favored by a mechanism that involves the enhancement of the toxicity of toxin B by proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma on the enteric glial cells and their network in an environment characterized by a strong dysmicrobism. Toxin B is a major virulence factor in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). The second episode of CDI is categorized as either a relapse or a second new infection (reinfection). We hypothesize that relapses might be due to a mechanism that involves the enhancement of the toxicity of toxin B by proinflammatory cytokines on the enteric glial cell network.
ISSN:2045-8827
2045-8827
DOI:10.1002/mbo3.1061