Cleft Lip and Palate in Four Full-Sib Puppies from a Single Litter of Staffordshire Bull Terrier Dogs: An Anatomical and Genetic Study

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a well-known congenital defect in dogs, characterized by abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities. Its incidence rate is high and affects all dog breeds. The etiology of CLP is thought to be multifactorial, caused by both genetic and environmental fact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2023-08, Vol.13 (17), p.2749
Main Authors: Ruszkowski, Jakub J, Nowacka-Woszuk, Joanna, Nowak, Tomasz, Rozynek, Jedrzej, Serwanska-Leja, Katarzyna, Gogulski, Maciej, Kolodziejski, Pawel, Switonski, Marek, Zdun, Maciej, Szczerbal, Izabela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADAMTS20
Analysis
Animals
Case Report
Cattle
Cleft lip
congenital malformation
Cytogenetics
Development and progression
Dexmedetomidine
DLX6
dog
Dogs
Embryonic development
Females
Gene mutations
Genes
Genetic disorders
Genomes
Morphology
Mouth
Mutation
Pregnancy
Sex chromosomes
Tomography
Ultrasonic imaging
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Summary:Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a well-known congenital defect in dogs, characterized by abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities. Its incidence rate is high and affects all dog breeds. The etiology of CLP is thought to be multifactorial, caused by both genetic and environmental factors. In this study, four puppies out of seven from a single litter of Staffordshire Bull Terrier dogs with craniofacial abnormalities were anatomically and genetically examined. Classical anatomical preparation, dyed-latex-injection of the arterial vessels, and cone-beam computed tomography were used. The puppies showed variations in their observable abnormalities: three of them had a complete cleft of the palate on both sides, while one puppy had a cleft on the right side only. Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal diploid chromosome number (2n = 78,XX or 78,XY) in the studied animals. Known genomic variants of CLP were examined in the ADAMTS20, DLX6, and MYH3 genes, but no mutations were identified. Further studies are needed to identify the breed-specific genetic variants associated with canine CLP.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani13172749