Immunosuppression via adenosine receptor activation by adenosine monophosphate released from apoptotic cells

Apoptosis is coupled with recruitment of macrophages for engulfment of dead cells, and with compensatory proliferation of neighboring cells. Yet, this death process is silent, and it does not cause inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory nature of the apoptotic process re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:eLife 2014-03, Vol.3, p.e02172-e02172
Main Authors: Yamaguchi, Hiroshi, Maruyama, Toshihiko, Urade, Yoshihiro, Nagata, Shigekazu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine
Adenosine Monophosphate - metabolism
Adenosine Monophosphate - physiology
adenosine receptor
AMP
Animals
Apoptosis
Apoptosis - physiology
Caspases - metabolism
Cell Biology
Cell culture
Cell proliferation
Connexins - metabolism
Flow cytometry
Gene Expression
Immune Tolerance - physiology
Immunology
Immunosuppression
Inflammation
macrophage
Macrophages
Macrophages - metabolism
Macrophages - physiology
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Molecular modelling
Nerve Tissue Proteins - metabolism
Nucleotidase
Peritoneum
Receptor mechanisms
Rodents
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Summary:Apoptosis is coupled with recruitment of macrophages for engulfment of dead cells, and with compensatory proliferation of neighboring cells. Yet, this death process is silent, and it does not cause inflammation. The molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory nature of the apoptotic process remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that the culture supernatant of apoptotic cells activated the macrophages to express anti-inflammatory genes such as Nr4a and Thbs1. A high level of AMP accumulated in the apoptotic cell supernatant in a Pannexin1-dependent manner. A nucleotidase inhibitor and A2a adenosine receptor antagonist inhibited the apoptotic supernatant-induced gene expression, suggesting AMP was metabolized to adenosine by an ecto-5'-nucleotidase expressed on macrophages, to activate the macrophage A2a adenosine receptor. Intraperitoneal injection of zymosan into Adora2a- or Panx1-deficient mice produced high, sustained levels of inflammatory mediators in the peritoneal lavage. These results indicated that AMP from apoptotic cells suppresses inflammation as a 'calm down' signal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02172.001.
ISSN:2050-084X
2050-084X
DOI:10.7554/elife.02172