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Trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from urban and agro-industrial settings in southern Cameroon
Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for insect pest control in Cameroon. In certain insect species, particularly the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, resistance to this class of insecticides is a source of great concern and needs to be monitored in order to sustain the efficacy of vector contro...
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Published in: | BMC infectious diseases 2009-09, Vol.9 (1), p.163-163 |
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description | Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for insect pest control in Cameroon. In certain insect species, particularly the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, resistance to this class of insecticides is a source of great concern and needs to be monitored in order to sustain the efficacy of vector control operations in the fields. This study highlights trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in wild An. gambiae populations from South Cameroon.
Mosquitoes were collected between 2001 and 2007 in four sites in South Cameroon, where insecticides are used for agricultural or personal protection purposes. Insecticide use was documented in each site by interviewing residents. Batches of 2-4 days old adult female mosquitoes reared from larval collections were tested for susceptibility to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin using standard WHO procedures. Control, dead and survivors mosquitoes from bioassays were identified by PCR-RFLP and characterized for the kdr mutations using either the AS-PCR or the HOLA method.
Four chemical insecticide groups were cited in the study sites: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. These chemicals were used for personal, crop or wood protection. In the four An. gambiae populations tested, significant variation in resistance levels, molecular forms composition and kdr frequencies were recorded in the time span of the study. Increases in DDT and pyrethroid resistance, as observed in most areas, were generally associated with an increase in the relative frequency of the S molecular form carrying the kdr mutations at higher frequencies. In Mangoum, however, where only the S form was present, a significant increase in the frequency of kdr alleles between 2003 to 2007 diverged with a decrease of the level of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. Analyses of the kdr frequencies in dead and surviving mosquitoes showed partial correlation between the kdr genotypes and resistance phenotypes, suggesting that the kdr mechanism may act with certain co-factors to be identified.
These results demonstrate the ongoing spread of kdr alleles in An. gambiae in Central Africa. The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in this highly dynamic and genetically polymorphic species remains a challenge for its control. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1186/1471-2334-9-163 |
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Mosquitoes were collected between 2001 and 2007 in four sites in South Cameroon, where insecticides are used for agricultural or personal protection purposes. Insecticide use was documented in each site by interviewing residents. Batches of 2-4 days old adult female mosquitoes reared from larval collections were tested for susceptibility to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin using standard WHO procedures. Control, dead and survivors mosquitoes from bioassays were identified by PCR-RFLP and characterized for the kdr mutations using either the AS-PCR or the HOLA method.
Four chemical insecticide groups were cited in the study sites: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. These chemicals were used for personal, crop or wood protection. In the four An. gambiae populations tested, significant variation in resistance levels, molecular forms composition and kdr frequencies were recorded in the time span of the study. Increases in DDT and pyrethroid resistance, as observed in most areas, were generally associated with an increase in the relative frequency of the S molecular form carrying the kdr mutations at higher frequencies. In Mangoum, however, where only the S form was present, a significant increase in the frequency of kdr alleles between 2003 to 2007 diverged with a decrease of the level of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. Analyses of the kdr frequencies in dead and surviving mosquitoes showed partial correlation between the kdr genotypes and resistance phenotypes, suggesting that the kdr mechanism may act with certain co-factors to be identified.
These results demonstrate the ongoing spread of kdr alleles in An. gambiae in Central Africa. The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in this highly dynamic and genetically polymorphic species remains a challenge for its control.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-2334</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2334</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-163</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19793389</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anopheles - drug effects ; Anopheles - genetics ; Anopheles gambiae ; Bioassays ; Cameroon ; Crop diseases ; DDT - pharmacology ; Drug resistance ; Female ; Gene amplification ; Genetic aspects ; Genotype ; Health aspects ; Insecticide Resistance - genetics ; Insecticides ; Insecticides - pharmacology ; Insects ; Malaria ; Metabolism ; Mosquitoes ; Mutation ; Pesticides ; Public health ; Pyrethrins - pharmacology ; Pyrethroids ; Risk factors ; Studies ; Trends ; Tropical diseases</subject><ispartof>BMC infectious diseases, 2009-09, Vol.9 (1), p.163-163</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2009 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2009 Nwane et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright ©2009 Nwane et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009 Nwane et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2764715/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1651244041?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25752,27923,27924,37011,37012,44589,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19793389$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nwane, Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etang, Josiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chouaibou, Mouhamadou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toto, Jean Claude</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerah-Hinzoumbé, Clément</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mimpfoundi, Rémy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Awono-Ambene, Herman Parfait</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simard, Frédéric</creatorcontrib><title>Trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from urban and agro-industrial settings in southern Cameroon</title><title>BMC infectious diseases</title><addtitle>BMC Infect Dis</addtitle><description>Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for insect pest control in Cameroon. In certain insect species, particularly the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, resistance to this class of insecticides is a source of great concern and needs to be monitored in order to sustain the efficacy of vector control operations in the fields. This study highlights trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in wild An. gambiae populations from South Cameroon.
Mosquitoes were collected between 2001 and 2007 in four sites in South Cameroon, where insecticides are used for agricultural or personal protection purposes. Insecticide use was documented in each site by interviewing residents. Batches of 2-4 days old adult female mosquitoes reared from larval collections were tested for susceptibility to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin using standard WHO procedures. Control, dead and survivors mosquitoes from bioassays were identified by PCR-RFLP and characterized for the kdr mutations using either the AS-PCR or the HOLA method.
Four chemical insecticide groups were cited in the study sites: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. These chemicals were used for personal, crop or wood protection. In the four An. gambiae populations tested, significant variation in resistance levels, molecular forms composition and kdr frequencies were recorded in the time span of the study. Increases in DDT and pyrethroid resistance, as observed in most areas, were generally associated with an increase in the relative frequency of the S molecular form carrying the kdr mutations at higher frequencies. In Mangoum, however, where only the S form was present, a significant increase in the frequency of kdr alleles between 2003 to 2007 diverged with a decrease of the level of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. Analyses of the kdr frequencies in dead and surviving mosquitoes showed partial correlation between the kdr genotypes and resistance phenotypes, suggesting that the kdr mechanism may act with certain co-factors to be identified.
These results demonstrate the ongoing spread of kdr alleles in An. gambiae in Central Africa. The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in this highly dynamic and genetically polymorphic species remains a challenge for its control.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anopheles - drug effects</subject><subject>Anopheles - genetics</subject><subject>Anopheles gambiae</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Cameroon</subject><subject>Crop diseases</subject><subject>DDT - pharmacology</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene amplification</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance - genetics</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Insecticides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Mosquitoes</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Pyrethrins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pyrethroids</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><issn>1471-2334</issn><issn>1471-2334</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk-L1DAYh4so7rp69iYBL3ro2LRJml6EcdY_AwsLOnoNafK2k6VNxiQV9yv4qc3MrOtWFCSHhjdPnre8v2TZU1wsMObsFSY1zsuqInmTY1bdy05vK_fv7E-yRyFcFQWuedk8zE5wUzdVxZvT7MfGg9UBGYvOzzdIWo121x7i1jujkYdgQpRWwR5YWrfbwgAB9XJsjQQUFmGBdm43DTIaZwPqvBvR5FtpDyrZe5cbq6cQvZEDChCjsf2hXXBT3IK3aCVH8M7Zx9mDTg4Bntx8z7LP795uVh_yi8v369XyIm8ppzFnBCsuCa00Z7RTVcsJEFXggrG6U0qTlpaKFSAZYK51R2VFu4JAUeuOgITqLFsfvdrJK7HzZpT-WjhpxKHgfC-kj0YNIDSpuFaMcmA1wTVtatCEaa4Ur4tGdsn1-ujaTe0IWoGNXg4z6fzEmq3o3TdR1iyFQ5PgzVHQGvcPwfxEuVHscxX7XEUjUupJ8uLmL7z7OkGIYjRBwTBIC24KAtepHceM79Hnf6BXbvI2zTuZKC4JKQj-TfUyTcHYzqXeai8VyxIX6elR1iRq8RcqLQ2jUc5CZ1J9duHl7EJiInyPvZxCEOtPH_-fvfwyZ5_dTeF2er-eefUT17r-qQ</recordid><startdate>20090930</startdate><enddate>20090930</enddate><creator>Nwane, Philippe</creator><creator>Etang, Josiane</creator><creator>Chouaibou, Mouhamadou</creator><creator>Toto, Jean Claude</creator><creator>Kerah-Hinzoumbé, Clément</creator><creator>Mimpfoundi, Rémy</creator><creator>Awono-Ambene, Herman Parfait</creator><creator>Simard, Frédéric</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BMC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090930</creationdate><title>Trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from urban and agro-industrial settings in southern Cameroon</title><author>Nwane, Philippe ; Etang, Josiane ; Chouaibou, Mouhamadou ; Toto, Jean Claude ; Kerah-Hinzoumbé, Clément ; Mimpfoundi, Rémy ; Awono-Ambene, Herman Parfait ; Simard, Frédéric</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b585t-641c8a453d865fc3b84e4c010667fccd4b52c60ea6e18ddf5a35f04e07df4eae3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anopheles - drug effects</topic><topic>Anopheles - genetics</topic><topic>Anopheles gambiae</topic><topic>Bioassays</topic><topic>Cameroon</topic><topic>Crop diseases</topic><topic>DDT - pharmacology</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene amplification</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Insecticide Resistance - genetics</topic><topic>Insecticides</topic><topic>Insecticides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Mosquitoes</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Pesticides</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Pyrethrins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pyrethroids</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Trends</topic><topic>Tropical diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nwane, Philippe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Etang, Josiane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chouaibou, Mouhamadou</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toto, Jean Claude</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerah-Hinzoumbé, Clément</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mimpfoundi, Rémy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Awono-Ambene, Herman Parfait</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simard, Frédéric</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Opposing Viewpoints (Gale)</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>BMC infectious diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nwane, Philippe</au><au>Etang, Josiane</au><au>Chouaibou, Mouhamadou</au><au>Toto, Jean Claude</au><au>Kerah-Hinzoumbé, Clément</au><au>Mimpfoundi, Rémy</au><au>Awono-Ambene, Herman Parfait</au><au>Simard, Frédéric</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from urban and agro-industrial settings in southern Cameroon</atitle><jtitle>BMC infectious diseases</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Infect Dis</addtitle><date>2009-09-30</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>163</spage><epage>163</epage><pages>163-163</pages><issn>1471-2334</issn><eissn>1471-2334</eissn><abstract>Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used for insect pest control in Cameroon. In certain insect species, particularly the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, resistance to this class of insecticides is a source of great concern and needs to be monitored in order to sustain the efficacy of vector control operations in the fields. This study highlights trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in wild An. gambiae populations from South Cameroon.
Mosquitoes were collected between 2001 and 2007 in four sites in South Cameroon, where insecticides are used for agricultural or personal protection purposes. Insecticide use was documented in each site by interviewing residents. Batches of 2-4 days old adult female mosquitoes reared from larval collections were tested for susceptibility to DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin using standard WHO procedures. Control, dead and survivors mosquitoes from bioassays were identified by PCR-RFLP and characterized for the kdr mutations using either the AS-PCR or the HOLA method.
Four chemical insecticide groups were cited in the study sites: organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. These chemicals were used for personal, crop or wood protection. In the four An. gambiae populations tested, significant variation in resistance levels, molecular forms composition and kdr frequencies were recorded in the time span of the study. Increases in DDT and pyrethroid resistance, as observed in most areas, were generally associated with an increase in the relative frequency of the S molecular form carrying the kdr mutations at higher frequencies. In Mangoum, however, where only the S form was present, a significant increase in the frequency of kdr alleles between 2003 to 2007 diverged with a decrease of the level of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids. Analyses of the kdr frequencies in dead and surviving mosquitoes showed partial correlation between the kdr genotypes and resistance phenotypes, suggesting that the kdr mechanism may act with certain co-factors to be identified.
These results demonstrate the ongoing spread of kdr alleles in An. gambiae in Central Africa. The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance in this highly dynamic and genetically polymorphic species remains a challenge for its control.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>19793389</pmid><doi>10.1186/1471-2334-9-163</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Anopheles - drug effects Anopheles - genetics Anopheles gambiae Bioassays Cameroon Crop diseases DDT - pharmacology Drug resistance Female Gene amplification Genetic aspects Genotype Health aspects Insecticide Resistance - genetics Insecticides Insecticides - pharmacology Insects Malaria Metabolism Mosquitoes Mutation Pesticides Public health Pyrethrins - pharmacology Pyrethroids Risk factors Studies Trends Tropical diseases |
title | Trends in DDT and pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. populations from urban and agro-industrial settings in southern Cameroon |
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