Nutrient Diagnosis of Eucalyptus at the Factor-Specific Level Using Machine Learning and Compositional Methods

Brazil is home to 30% of the world’s Eucalyptus trees. The seedlings are fertilized at plantation to support biomass production until canopy closure. Thereafter, fertilization is guided by state standards that may not apply at the local scale where myriads of growth factors interact. Our objective w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2020-08, Vol.9 (8), p.1049
Main Authors: Vahl de Paula, Betania, Squizani Arruda, Wagner, Etienne Parent, Léon, Frank de Araujo, Elias, Brunetto, Gustavo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Artificial intelligence
centered log ratios
Classification
Cloning
compatibility intervals
Composition
Copper
Datasets
Diagnosis
Eucalyptus
Euclidean distance
Euclidean geometry
Fertilization
Growth factors
Humboldtian loci
Learning algorithms
Machine learning
Magnesium
Manganese
Nutrient concentrations
Nutrients
Plantations
Principal components analysis
Seedlings
Soil types
Trees
Values
Wood
Zinc
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Summary:Brazil is home to 30% of the world’s Eucalyptus trees. The seedlings are fertilized at plantation to support biomass production until canopy closure. Thereafter, fertilization is guided by state standards that may not apply at the local scale where myriads of growth factors interact. Our objective was to customize the nutrient diagnosis of young Eucalyptus trees down to factor-specific levels. We collected 1861 observations across eight clones, 48 soil types, and 148 locations in southern Brazil. Cutoff diameter between low- and high-yielding specimens at breast height was set at 4.3 cm. The random forest classification model returned a relatively uninformative area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63 using tissue compositions only, and an informative AUC of 0.78 after adding local features. Compared to nutrient levels from quartile compatibility intervals of nutritionally balanced specimens at high-yield level, state guidelines appeared to be too high for Mg, B, Mn, and Fe and too low for Cu and Zn. Moreover, diagnosis using concentration ranges collapsed in the multivariate Euclidean hyper-space by denying nutrient interactions. Factor-specific diagnosis detected nutrient imbalance by computing the Euclidean distance between centered log-ratio transformed compositions of defective and successful neighbors at a local scale. Downscaling regional nutrient standards may thus fail to account for factor interactions at a local scale. Documenting factors at a local scale requires large datasets through close collaboration between stakeholders.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants9081049