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Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous ds...
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Published in: | Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research 2023-06, Vol.42 (1), p.149-149, Article 149 |
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description | Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, a key RNA modification widely found in eukaryotes, is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. This review highlights the biological functions of A-to-I editing, its role in regulating innate immunity and cell death, and its potential molecular significance in tumorigenesis and cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy. |
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Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. This review highlights the biological functions of A-to-I editing, its role in regulating innate immunity and cell death, and its potential molecular significance in tumorigenesis and cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1756-9966</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0392-9078</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-9966</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02727-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37328893</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>A-to-I editing ; Adenosine ; Apoptosis ; Biochemistry ; Biological response modifiers ; Cancer ; Cancer immunotherapy ; Care and treatment ; Cell death ; DNA methylation ; Drug therapy ; Enzymes ; Genes ; Health aspects ; Immunotherapy ; Innate immunity ; Interferon ; Kinases ; Localization ; Messenger RNA ; MicroRNAs ; Mutation ; Proteins ; Review ; Sensors ; Targeted therapy ; Tumorigenesis</subject><ispartof>Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research, 2023-06, Vol.42 (1), p.149-149, Article 149</ispartof><rights>2023. The Author(s).</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2023. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). 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Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. This review highlights the biological functions of A-to-I editing, its role in regulating innate immunity and cell death, and its potential molecular significance in tumorigenesis and cancer targeted therapy and immunotherapy.</description><subject>A-to-I editing</subject><subject>Adenosine</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological response modifiers</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer immunotherapy</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Innate immunity</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Localization</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>MicroRNAs</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Sensors</subject><subject>Targeted therapy</subject><subject>Tumorigenesis</subject><issn>1756-9966</issn><issn>0392-9078</issn><issn>1756-9966</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkluL1DAUx4so7rr6BXyQgiA-bNfc2-yLjIuXgQVf9DmkucxkSZMxSYX59mYuLjMibUk5-Z1_cs75N81rCG4gHNiHDDEgrAMI169HfcefNJewp6zjnLGnJ_8XzYucHwBgkEP-vLnAPUbDwPFl4z656OPKKenbFL3JbbTtoiuxW7ZGu-LC6rZ108ZXorgYcutCfYMspoanObiyvW6V8b7VRpb1dSuDbpUMyqQDEMvaJLnZvmyeWemzeXVcr5qfXz7_uPvW3X__urxb3HeKclq60faD4mQgkshRwxGMAELDAMYMjWO9N7WE8nFQgzVa04ozTnqiKeZUjXjAV83yoKujfBCb5CaZtiJKJ_aBmFZCpuKUN0ITDXTPa09GSvioB0oAUggZoxC21latjwetzTxORisTSpL-TPR8J7i1WMXfAtaBMDKgqvD-qJDir9nkIiaXd-2SwcQ5CzTUybFaIq3o23_QhzinUHu1pyDgfF_ekVrJWoELNtaD1U5ULHqKqxaCu2Nv_kPVR5vJqRiMdTV-lvDuJGFtpC_rHP28n_k5iA6gSjHnZOxjNyAQO1uKgy1FtaXY21LwmvTmtI-PKX99iP8A0D_bpw</recordid><startdate>20230617</startdate><enddate>20230617</enddate><creator>Yuan, Jing</creator><creator>Xu, Li</creator><creator>Bao, Hai-Juan</creator><creator>Wang, Jie-Lin</creator><creator>Zhao, Yang</creator><creator>Chen, Shuo</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BMC</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5122-3656</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230617</creationdate><title>Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy</title><author>Yuan, Jing ; 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Such RNA editing destabilizes endogenous dsRNAs, which are subsequently recognized by the sensors of innate immune and other proteins as autologous dsRNAs. This prevents the activation of innate immunity and type I interferon-mediated responses, thereby reducing the downstream cell death induced by the activation of the innate immune sensing system. ADARs-mediated editing can also occur in mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in different species. In mRNAs, A-to-I editing may lead to missense mutations and the selective splicing of coding regions. Meanwhile, in ncRNAs, A-to-I editing may affect targeting and disrupt ncRNAs maturation, leading to anomalous cell proliferation, invasion, and responses to immunotherapy. 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subjects | A-to-I editing Adenosine Apoptosis Biochemistry Biological response modifiers Cancer Cancer immunotherapy Care and treatment Cell death DNA methylation Drug therapy Enzymes Genes Health aspects Immunotherapy Innate immunity Interferon Kinases Localization Messenger RNA MicroRNAs Mutation Proteins Review Sensors Targeted therapy Tumorigenesis |
title | Biological roles of A-to-I editing: implications in innate immunity, cell death, and cancer immunotherapy |
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