Stiff-Leg Syndrome Associated with Autoimmune Retinopathy and Its Treatment with IVIg—A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) have been predominantly associated with stiff-person syndrome (SPS), which is often accompanied by organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as late-onset type 1 diabetes. Autoimmune retinal pathology in SPS has recently been suggested to coexist in pat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain sciences 2023-09, Vol.13 (10), p.1361
Main Authors: Papadopoulos, Vassilis E, Papadimas, George K, Androudi, Sofia, Anagnostouli, Maria, Evangelopoulos, Maria-Eleftheria
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Ataxia
Autoimmune diseases
autoimmune retinopathy
Case reports
Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent)
Disease
Drug therapy
Electromyography
Encephalitis
Encephalomyelitis
Epidemiology
Epilepsy
Eye movements
Fear & phobias
GAD
Genotype & phenotype
Globulins
Glutamate
Glutamate decarboxylase
Glutamic acid
Hypotheses
Immunoglobulins
Immunotherapy
Intravenous administration
IVIg
Literature reviews
Medical research
Retinopathy
Review
stiff-leg syndrome
stiff-person syndrome
Tizanidine
Type 1 diabetes
Viral antibodies
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Summary:Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) have been predominantly associated with stiff-person syndrome (SPS), which is often accompanied by organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as late-onset type 1 diabetes. Autoimmune retinal pathology in SPS has recently been suggested to coexist in patients suffering from this disease; however, evidence reporting potential treatment options for the neurological and visual symptoms these patients experience remains scarce. We provide a review of the relevant literature, presenting a rare case of a middle-aged woman with autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) followed by stiff-leg syndrome who responded to intravenous immune globulin treatment (IVIg). Our report adds to previously reported data supporting the efficacy of IVIg in SPS spectrum disorders while also proposing the potential effect of IVIg in treating SPS spectrum patients with coexisting AIR.
ISSN:2076-3425
2076-3425
DOI:10.3390/brainsci13101361