Bovine Intelectin 2 Expression as a Biomarker of Paratuberculosis Disease Progression

Paratuberculosis (PTB), a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is responsible for important economic losses in the dairy industry. Our previous RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed that bovine intelectin 2 (ITLN2) precursor gene was overexp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2021-05, Vol.11 (5), p.1370
Main Authors: Blanco Vázquez, Cristina, Balseiro, Ana, Alonso-Hearn, Marta, Juste, Ramón A., Iglesias, Natalia, Canive, Maria, Casais, Rosa
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
biomarker
Biomarkers
Cattle
Chronic infection
Dairy industry
Disease
Economic impact
Enteritis
Feces
Granulomas
Histopathology
ileocecal valve
Immune response
Immune system
immunohistochemistry
Infections
Innate immunity
intelectin 2
Lesions
Lymphatic system
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
Paneth cells
Paratuberculosis
Small intestine
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Summary:Paratuberculosis (PTB), a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is responsible for important economic losses in the dairy industry. Our previous RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed that bovine intelectin 2 (ITLN2) precursor gene was overexpressed in ileocecal valve (ICV) samples of animals with focal (log2 fold-change = 10.6) and diffuse (log2 fold-change = 6.8) PTB-associated lesions compared to animals without lesions. This study analyzes the potential use of ITLN2, a protein that has been described as fundamental in the innate immune response to infections, as a biomarker of MAP infection. The presence of ITLN2 was investigated by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of ICV samples of 20 Holstein Friesian cows showing focal (n = 5), multifocal (n = 5), diffuse (n = 5) and no histological lesions (n = 5). Significant differences were observed in the mean number of ITLN2 immunostained goblet and Paneth cells between the three histopathological types and the control. The number of immunolabelled cells was higher in the focal histopathological type (116.9 ± 113.9) followed by the multifocal (108.7 ± 140.5), diffuse (76.5 ± 97.8) and control types (41.0 ± 81.3). These results validate ITLN2 as a post-mortem biomarker of disease progression.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani11051370