Tuberculosis and HIV are the leading causes of adult death in northwest Ethiopia: evidence from verbal autopsy data of Dabat health and demographic surveillance system, 2007-2013

• Published in: Population health metrics 2017-07, Vol.15 (1), p.27-13, Article 27
• Main Authors: Kebede, Yigzaw, Andargie, Gashaw, Gebeyehu, Abebaw, Awoke, Tadesse, Yitayal, Mezgebu, Mekonnen, Solomon, Wubshet, Mamo, Azmeraw, Temesgen, Lakew, Yihunie, Alemu, Kassahun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Adolescent; Adult; Adults; Age; Aged; AIDS; Analysis; Autopsies; Autopsy; Caregivers; Cause of Death; Certification; Classification; Communicable Diseases - mortality; Communities; Complications and side effects; Dabat; Data collection; Death; Death & dying; Death Certificates; Demographics; Developing countries; Diagnosis; Disease; Diseases; Ethiopia; Ethiopia - epidemiology; Family; Fatalities; Female; Forecasts and trends; HDSS; Health aspects; Health planning; Health policy; Health surveillance; HIV; HIV Infections - mortality; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Information management; LDCs; Male; Meningitis; Meningitis - mortality; Middle Aged; Mortality; Mortality - trends; Noncommunicable Diseases - mortality; Physicians; Population; Population Surveillance - methods; Public health; Questionnaires; Registration; Registries; Reviews; Rural areas; Structural health monitoring; Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis - mortality; Verbal autopsy; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1478-7954; 1478-7954
• DOI: 10.1186/s12963-017-0139-z

Reliable data on causes of death form the basis for building evidence on health policy, planning, monitoring, and evaluation. In Ethiopia, the majority of deaths occur at home and civil registration systems are not yet functional. The main objective of verbal autopsy (VA) is to describe the causes of death at the community or population level where civil registration and death certification systems are weak and where most people die at home without having had contact with the health system. Causes of death were classified and prepared based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The cause of a death was ascertained based on an interview with next of kin or other caregivers using a standardized questionnaire that draws information on signs, symptoms, medical history, and circumstances preceding death. The cause of death, or the sequence of causes that led to death, is assigned based on the data collected by the questionnaire. The complete VA questionnaires were given to two blinded physicians and reviewed independently. A third physician was assigned to review the case when disagreements in diagnosis arose. Communicable diseases (519 deaths [48.0%]), non-communicable diseases (377 deaths [34.8%]), and external causes (113 deaths [10.4%]) were the main causes of death between 2007 and 2013. Of communicable diseases, tuberculosis (207 deaths [19.7%]), HIV/AIDS (96 deaths [8.9%]) and meningitis (76 deaths [7.0%]) were the most common causes of death. Tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and meningitis were the most common causes of deaths among adults. Death due to non-communicable diseases showed an increasing trend. Increasing community awareness of infections and their interrelationships, tuberculosis case finding, effective local TB programs, successful treatment, and interventions for HIV are supremely important.