Preventive Strategies for Cognitive Decline and Dementia: Benefits of Aerobic Physical Activity, Especially Open-Skill Exercise

As there is no curative treatment for dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to establish an optimal nonpharmaceutical preventive intervention. Physical inactivity is a representative modifiable risk factor for dementia, especially for AD in later life (>65 years). As...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Brain sciences 2023-03, Vol.13 (3), p.521
Main Author: Yamasaki, Takao
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Advertising executives
aerobic
Aged
Alzheimer's disease
Care and treatment
closed-skill
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Dementia disorders
Exercise
Exercise therapy
Neurodegenerative diseases
open-skill
Physical activity
physical inactivity
Physical training
Review
Risk factors
Vitamin E
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Summary:As there is no curative treatment for dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is important to establish an optimal nonpharmaceutical preventive intervention. Physical inactivity is a representative modifiable risk factor for dementia, especially for AD in later life (>65 years). As physical activity and exercise are inexpensive and easy to initiate, they may represent an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention for the maintenance of cognitive function. Several studies have reported that physical activity and exercise interventions are effective in preventing cognitive decline and dementia. This review outlines the effects of physical activity and exercise-associated interventions in older adults with and without cognitive impairment and subsequently summarizes their possible mechanisms. Furthermore, this review describes the differences between two types of physical exercise-open-skill exercise (OSE) and closed-skill exercise (CSE)-in terms of their effects on cognitive function. Aerobic physical activity and exercise interventions are particularly useful in preventing cognitive decline and dementia, with OSE exerting a stronger protective effect on cognitive functions than CSE. Therefore, the need to actively promote physical activity and exercise interventions worldwide is emphasized.
ISSN:2076-3425
2076-3425
DOI:10.3390/brainsci13030521