Y2O3 Nanoparticles and X-ray Radiation-Induced Effects in Melanoma Cells

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-06, Vol.26 (11), p.3403
• Main Authors: Porosnicu, Ioana, Butnaru, Cristian M., Tiseanu, Ion, Stancu, Elena, Munteanu, Cristian V. A., Bita, Bogdan I., Duliu, Octavian G., Sima, Felix
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: A375 cell; Cancer therapies; Colonies; Cytotoxicity; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA damage; Dosimeters; Dosimetry; Exposure; Irradiation; Melanoma; Metastasis; Microscopy; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial DNA; Morphology; Nanoparticles; Phosphors; Photodynamic therapy; Radiation dosage; Radiation effects; Radiation therapy; Reactive oxygen species; Skin cancer; Surgery; Tumors; X-ray irradiation; X-rays; Y2O3 nanoparticles; Yttrium; Yttrium oxide
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113403

The innovative strategy of using nanoparticles in radiotherapy has become an exciting topic due to the possibility of simultaneously improving local efficiency of radiation in tumors and real-time monitoring of the delivered doses. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in material science to prepare phosphors for various applications including X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and in situ nano-dosimetry, but few available reports only addressed the effect induced in cells by combined exposure to different doses of superficial X-ray radiation and nanoparticles. Herein, we analyzed changes induced in melanoma cells by exposure to different doses of X-ray radiation and various concentrations of Y2O3 NPs. By evaluation of cell mitochondrial activity and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we estimated that 2, 4, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation doses are visibly altering the cells by inducing ROS production with increasing the dose while at 6 Gy the mitochondrial activity is also affected. Separately, high-concentrated solutions of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs were also found to affect the cells by inducing ROS production with the increase of concentration. Additionally, the colony-forming units assay evidenced a rather synergic effect of NPs and radiation. By adding the NPs to cells before irradiation, a decrease of the number of proliferating cell colonies was observed with increase of X-ray dose. DNA damage was evidenced by quantifying the γ-H2AX foci for cells treated with Y2O3 NPs and exposed to superficial X-ray radiation. Proteomic profile confirmed that a combined effect of 50 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs and 6 Gy X-ray dose induced mitochondria alterations and DNA changes in melanoma cells.