Disposable facemask waste combustion emits neuroactive smoke particulate matter

• Published in: Scientific reports 2023-10, Vol.13 (1), p.17771-16, Article 17771
• Main Authors: Pastukhov, Artem, Paliienko, Konstantin, Pozdnyakova, Natalia, Krisanova, Natalia, Dudarenko, Marina, Kalynovska, Lilia, Tarasenko, Alla, Gnatyuk, Olena, Dovbeshko, Galina, Borisova, Tatiana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 631/158/2465; 631/45/882; 639/301/357/354; 704/844/4081; Acidification; Acids; Air pollution; Animals; Combustion; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Disease transmission; Exocytosis; Glutamate receptors; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Hydrogen peroxide; Light scattering; Masks; Medical wastes; Membrane potential; multidisciplinary; Nanoparticles; Nerve endings; Nervous system; Neurological disorders; Neurotransmitter Agents; Neurotransmitters; Optical properties; Outdoor air quality; Pandemics; Particle size; Particulate Matter; Plastic pollution; Polypropylene; Raman spectroscopy; Rats; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Smoke; Spectrum analysis; Waste management; Water resources; Zeta potential; γ-Aminobutyric acid
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44972-0

Tremendous deposits of disposable medical facemask waste after the COVID-19 pandemic require improvement of waste management practice according to WHO report 2022, moreover facemasks are still in use around the world to protect against numerous airborne infections. Here, water-suspended smoke preparations from the combustion of disposable medical facemasks (polypropylene fibers) were collected; size, zeta potential, surface groups of smoke particulate matter were determined by dynamic light scattering, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, and their optical properties were characterized. Neurochemical study using nerve terminals isolated from rat cortex revealed a significant decrease in the initial rate of the uptake/accumulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, L-[ 14 C]glutamate and [ 3 H]GABA, and exocytotic release, and also an increase in the extracellular level of these neurotransmitters. Fluorescent measurements revealed that ROS generation induced by hydrogen peroxide and glutamate receptor agonist kainate decreased in nerve terminals. A decrease in the membrane potential of nerve terminals and isolated neurons, the mitochondrial potential and synaptic vesicle acidification was also shown. Therefore, accidental or intentional utilization of disposable medical facemask waste by combustion results in the release of neuroactive ultrafine particulate matter to the environment, thereby contributing to plastic-associated pollution of air and water resources and neuropathology development and expansion.