Atmosphere-Assisted FLASH Sintering of Nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate

The request for extremely low-temperature and short-time sintering techniques has guided the development of alternative ceramic processing. Atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) combines the direct use of electric power to packed powders with the engineering of operating atmosphere to allow low...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-09, Vol.12 (19), p.3415
Main Authors: Serrazina, Ricardo, Pereira, Luis, Vilarinho, Paula M, Senos, Ana M
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actuators
Atmosphere
atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS)
Atmospheric pressure
Ceramics
Conduction cooling
Densification
Density
Electric fields
Electric power
electrical conductivity
Electrodes
Harvesters
KNN
Lead free
Low temperature
low-temperature sintering
Morphology
nanopowders
Niobates
Operating temperature
Partial pressure
Particle size
Piezoelectricity
Potassium
Reducing atmospheres
Resistance sintering
Sintering
Sintering (powder metallurgy)
Sodium
Sodium compounds
Zinc oxides
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Summary:The request for extremely low-temperature and short-time sintering techniques has guided the development of alternative ceramic processing. Atmosphere-assisted FLASH sintering (AAFS) combines the direct use of electric power to packed powders with the engineering of operating atmosphere to allow low-temperature conduction. The AAFS of nanometric Potassium Sodium Niobate, K0.5Na0.5NbO3, a lead-free piezoelectric, is of great interest to electronics technology to produce efficient, low-thermal-budget sensors, actuators and piezo harvesters, among others. Not previously studied, the role of different atmospheres for the decrease in FLASH temperature (TF) of KNN is presented in this work. Additionally, the effect of the humidity presence on the operating atmosphere and the role of the compact morphology undergoing FLASH are investigated. While the low partial pressure of oxygen (reducing atmospheres) allows the decrease of TF, limited densification is observed. It is shown that AAFS is responsible for a dramatic decrease in the operating temperature (T < 320 °C), while water is essential to allow appreciable densification. In addition, the particles/pores morphology on the green compact impacts the uniformity of AAFS densification.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano12193415