Another Example of Conditioned Taste Aversion: Case of Snails

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in mammals has several specific characteristics: (1) emergence of a negative symptom in subjects due to selective association with a taste-related stimulus, (2) robust long-term memory that is resistant to extinction induced by repeated presentation of the conditione...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-11, Vol.9 (12), p.422
Main Authors: Nakai, Junko, Totani, Yuki, Hatakeyama, Dai, Dyakonova, Varvara E, Ito, Etsuro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal behavior
Animal models
Conditioned stimulus
conditioned taste aversion
Extinction behavior
Food
Gastropoda
insulin
Interstimulus interval
Invertebrates
Learning
Long term memory
long-delay learning
Lymnaea stagnalis
Mammals
Nausea
Potassium chloride
Protein synthesis
Review
selective associability
single-trial learning
Sucrose
Sweet taste
Taste aversion
Trace conditioning
Unconditioned stimulus
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Summary:Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in mammals has several specific characteristics: (1) emergence of a negative symptom in subjects due to selective association with a taste-related stimulus, (2) robust long-term memory that is resistant to extinction induced by repeated presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS), (3) a very-long-delay presentation of the unconditioned stimulus (US), and (4) single-trial learning. The pond snail, can also form a CTA. Although the negative symptoms, like nausea, in humans cannot be easily observed in invertebrate animal models of CTA, all the other characteristics of CTA seem to be present in snails. Selective associability was confirmed using a sweet sucrose solution and a bitter KCl solution. Once snails form a CTA, repeated presentation of the CS does not extinguish the CTA. A long interstimulus interval between the CS and US, like in trace conditioning, still results in the formation of a CTA in snails. Lastly, even single-trial learning has been demonstrated with a certain probability. In the present review, we compare, in detail, CTA in mammals and snails, and discuss the possible molecular events in CTA.
ISSN:2079-7737
2079-7737
DOI:10.3390/biology9120422