A Nexus of CO2, Tourism Industry, GDP Growth, and Fossil Fuels

The study investigates the nexus of CO 2 emissions, tourism, fossil fuels, and GDP growth using China’s data from 1970 to 2019. The research applied the upset U-molded EKC and the ARDL -models to calculate the time series stationarity variables. The results showed that in the initial enlargement pha...

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Published in:Frontiers in environmental science 2022-07, Vol.10
Main Authors: Shang, Yunfeng, Zhang, Ming, Chen, Mengya, Wang, Xueying, Dong, Yuting
Format: Article
Language:English
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ARDL methods
CO2 emissions
electricity consumption
FDI inflows
GDP growth
natural gas consumption
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creator Shang, Yunfeng
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Chen, Mengya
Wang, Xueying
Dong, Yuting
description The study investigates the nexus of CO 2 emissions, tourism, fossil fuels, and GDP growth using China’s data from 1970 to 2019. The research applied the upset U-molded EKC and the ARDL -models to calculate the time series stationarity variables. The results showed that in the initial enlargement phases, a sophisticated GDP adversely impacts CO 2 emissions, then a higher GDP positively influences CO 2 emissions. The development of tourism, use of fossil fuels (coal and oil), and population growth show an important influence on CO 2 emissions but the use of gas and electricity has little effect on CO 2 emissions. In contrast, foreign direct investment besides population development had little effect on increasing CO 2 emissions. Retreating foreign direct investment, strengthening the use of sustainable electricity, and improving transportation for explorers, especially the green tourism business, are excellent ways to reduce environmental degradation in China.
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subjects ARDL methods
CO2 emissions
electricity consumption
FDI inflows
GDP growth
natural gas consumption
title A Nexus of CO2, Tourism Industry, GDP Growth, and Fossil Fuels
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