Cognitive Soil Digital Twin for Monitoring the Soil Ecosystem: A Conceptual Framework

• Published in: Soil systems 2023-12, Vol.7 (4), p.88
• Main Authors: Tsakiridis, Nikolaos L., Samarinas, Nikiforos, Kalopesa, Eleni, Zalidis, George C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural industry; Artificial intelligence; Augmented Reality; Cartography; Climate change; Climate effects; Cognitive ability; Copernicus; Data integration; Decision making; Digital cartography; Digital twins; Earth; Ecological monitoring; Ecosystem services; Ecosystems; Empowerment; Environmental impact; Environmental monitoring; Food supply; Global temperature changes; Internet of Things; IoT; Land use; Land use management; Natural resources; Prediction models; Remote observing; Remote sensing; Remote sensors; Sensors; Simulation; Soil chemistry; Soil sciences; Soils; Spectrum analysis; Visualization
• ISSN: 2571-8789; 2571-8789
• DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems7040088

The digital twin concept has found widespread application across diverse industries. Herein, we present a comprehensive conceptual framework for the cognitive soil digital twin, which embodies the intricate physical reality of the soil ecosystem, aiding in its holistic monitoring and comprehension. The digital twin can seamlessly integrate a multitude of sensor data sources, including field Internet of Things sensors, remote sensing data, field measurements, digital cartography, surveys, and other Earth observation datasets. By virtue of its duality, this digital counterpart facilitates data organisation and rigorous analytical exploration, unravelling the intricacies of physical, chemical, and biological soil constituents while discerning their intricate interrelationships and their impact on ecosystem services. Its potential extends beyond mere data representation, acting as a versatile tool for scenario analysis and enabling the visualisation of diverse environmental impacts, including the effects of climate change and transformations in land use or management practices. Beyond academic circles, the digital twin’s utility extends to a broad spectrum of stakeholders across the entire quadruple helix, encompassing farmers and agronomists, soil researchers, the agro-industry, and policy-makers. By fostering collaboration among these stakeholders, the digital twin catalyses informed decision-making, underpinned by data-driven insights. Moreover, it acts as a testbed for the development of innovative sensors and monitoring frameworks, in addition to providing a platform that can educate users and the broader public using immersive and innovative visualisation tools, such as augmented reality. This innovative framework underscores the imperative of a holistic approach to soil ecosystem monitoring and management, propelling the soil science discipline into an era of unprecedented data integration and predictive modelling, by harnessing the effects of climate change towards the development of efficient decision-making.