Structural and Functional Changes and Possible Molecular Mechanisms in Aged Skin

Skin aging is a complex process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Together, these factors affect the structure and function of the epidermis and dermis. Histologically, aging skin typically shows epidermal atrophy due to decreased cell numbers. The dermis of aged skin shows decreased nu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-11, Vol.22 (22), p.12489
Main Authors: Lee, Hyunji, Hong, Yongjun, Kim, Miri
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Atrophy
Atrophy - genetics
Atrophy - pathology
Cell Proliferation - genetics
Cellular Senescence - genetics
Collagen
Cytokines
Dermis
Epidermal Cells - metabolism
Epidermal Cells - pathology
Epidermis
Extracellular matrix
Fibroblasts
Fibroblasts - pathology
Growth factors
Humans
intrinsic aging
Keratin
Lipids
Mast cells
Mast Cells - pathology
Matrix metalloproteinase
Matrix metalloproteinases
Matrix Metalloproteinases - genetics
Microbiomes
Microscopy
miRNA
molecular mechanisms
Molecular modelling
Oxidative stress
Phenotypes
photoaging
Review
Senescence
Skin
skin aging
Skin Aging - genetics
Structure-function relationships
Telomere Shortening - genetics
Telomeres
Ultraviolet radiation
Young adults
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Summary:Skin aging is a complex process influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Together, these factors affect the structure and function of the epidermis and dermis. Histologically, aging skin typically shows epidermal atrophy due to decreased cell numbers. The dermis of aged skin shows decreased numbers of mast cells and fibroblasts. Fibroblast senescence contributes to skin aging by secreting a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, which decreases proliferation by impairing the release of essential growth factors and enhancing degradation of the extracellular matrix through activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Several molecular mechanisms affect skin aging including telomere shortening, oxidative stress and MMP, cytokines, autophagic control, microRNAs, and the microbiome. Accumulating evidence on the molecular mechanisms of skin aging has provided clinicians with a wide range of therapeutic targets for treating aging skin.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms222212489