Understanding the squamous cell carcinoma immune microenvironment

Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a rising incidence of about 1.8 million in the United States annually. Primary cSCC is usually curable by surgery; however, in some cases, cSCC eventuates in nodal metastasis and death from disease specific...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2023-01, Vol.14, p.1084873-1084873
Main Authors: Saeidi, Vahide, Doudican, Nicole, Carucci, John A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell - drug therapy
cytokines
exhausted T cells
Humans
Immunology
Immunotherapy
Incidence
Lymphatic System
PD-1
Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy
squamous cell carcinoma
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
Tumor Microenvironment
United States
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Summary:Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human cancer with a rising incidence of about 1.8 million in the United States annually. Primary cSCC is usually curable by surgery; however, in some cases, cSCC eventuates in nodal metastasis and death from disease specific death. cSCC results in up to 15,000 deaths each year in the United States. Until recently, non-surgical options for treatment of locally advanced or metastatic cSCC were largely ineffective. With the advent of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy, including cemiplimab and pembrolizumab, response rates climbed to 50%, representing a vast improvement over chemotherapeutic agents used previously. Herein, we discuss the phenotype and function of SCC associated Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid derived suppressor cells and T cells as well as SCC-associated lymphatics and blood vessels. Possible role(s) of SCC-associated cytokines in progression and invasion are reviewed. We also discuss the SCC immune microenvironment in the context of currently available and pipeline therapeutics.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1084873