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Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) with swollen first metatarsal segments suggesting sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is widespread in insects. The certain specialized structures may be used as weapons in male-male combats or as ornaments to enhance mating opportunities. We report striking swollen first tarsal segments in two families, four genera and six species of scorpionflies from the Middle J...
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| Published in: | BMC ecology and evolution 2021-03, Vol.21 (1), p.47-21, Article 47 |
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| container_title | BMC ecology and evolution |
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| creator | Zhang, Yan-Jie Shih, Peter J M Wang, Jun-You McNamara, Maria E Shih, Chungkun Ren, Dong Gao, Tai-Ping |
| description | Sexual dimorphism is widespread in insects. The certain specialized structures may be used as weapons in male-male combats or as ornaments to enhance mating opportunities.
We report striking swollen first tarsal segments in two families, four genera and six species of scorpionflies from the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota of Northeastern China. Swollen tarsal segments are restricted to male specimens and to hind leg tarsi. The geometric morphometric analyses reveal that the degree of swelling within the orthophlebiid species possessing swollen first metatarsal segments is species-specific, which can be used as a diagnostic character for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.
The new findings indicate that swollen first metatarsal segments are relatively common in the family Orthophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. The tarsal swellings are considered to be sexually dimorphic, potentially associated with sexually display by males and/or camouflage of a "nuptial gift" in the mating process. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12862-021-01771-3 |
| format | article |
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We report striking swollen first tarsal segments in two families, four genera and six species of scorpionflies from the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota of Northeastern China. Swollen tarsal segments are restricted to male specimens and to hind leg tarsi. The geometric morphometric analyses reveal that the degree of swelling within the orthophlebiid species possessing swollen first metatarsal segments is species-specific, which can be used as a diagnostic character for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.
The new findings indicate that swollen first metatarsal segments are relatively common in the family Orthophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. The tarsal swellings are considered to be sexually dimorphic, potentially associated with sexually display by males and/or camouflage of a "nuptial gift" in the mating process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2730-7182</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2730-7182</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01771-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33743581</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Abdomen ; Animals ; Biota ; Camouflage ; China ; Dimorphism (Biology) ; Fossil insect ; Genera ; Habitus ; Holcorpidae ; Humans ; Insects ; Jurassic ; Male ; Mating ; Mecoptera ; Mesozoic ; Metatarsal Bones ; Metatarsus ; Nuptial gift ; Orthophlebiidae ; Phylogeny ; Physiological aspects ; Sex Characteristics ; Sexual dimorphism ; Species ; Species Specificity ; Structure ; Tarsal swelling ; Zoological research</subject><ispartof>BMC ecology and evolution, 2021-03, Vol.21 (1), p.47-21, Article 47</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>2021. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-325e00e23d6d9c5265f429c1b0bd95471d3974e102f8aba7e939316b40a4281b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-325e00e23d6d9c5265f429c1b0bd95471d3974e102f8aba7e939316b40a4281b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2546219107/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2546219107?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33743581$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yan-Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Peter J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun-You</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNamara, Maria E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Chungkun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Tai-Ping</creatorcontrib><title>Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) with swollen first metatarsal segments suggesting sexual dimorphism</title><title>BMC ecology and evolution</title><addtitle>BMC Ecol Evol</addtitle><description>Sexual dimorphism is widespread in insects. The certain specialized structures may be used as weapons in male-male combats or as ornaments to enhance mating opportunities.
We report striking swollen first tarsal segments in two families, four genera and six species of scorpionflies from the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota of Northeastern China. Swollen tarsal segments are restricted to male specimens and to hind leg tarsi. The geometric morphometric analyses reveal that the degree of swelling within the orthophlebiid species possessing swollen first metatarsal segments is species-specific, which can be used as a diagnostic character for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.
The new findings indicate that swollen first metatarsal segments are relatively common in the family Orthophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. The tarsal swellings are considered to be sexually dimorphic, potentially associated with sexually display by males and/or camouflage of a "nuptial gift" in the mating process.</description><subject>Abdomen</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biota</subject><subject>Camouflage</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Dimorphism (Biology)</subject><subject>Fossil insect</subject><subject>Genera</subject><subject>Habitus</subject><subject>Holcorpidae</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Jurassic</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mating</subject><subject>Mecoptera</subject><subject>Mesozoic</subject><subject>Metatarsal Bones</subject><subject>Metatarsus</subject><subject>Nuptial gift</subject><subject>Orthophlebiidae</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Sexual dimorphism</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Structure</subject><subject>Tarsal swelling</subject><subject>Zoological research</subject><issn>2730-7182</issn><issn>2730-7182</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkktv1TAQhSMEolXpH2CBIrGhixSPnfixQaoqHhcVIfFYW44fub5K4ovt0PLvMb2lNBLywtb4nE8zo1NVzwGdA3D6OgHmFDcIQ4OAMWjIo-oYM4IaBhw_fvA-qk5T2iGEcAcEt-RpdUQIa0nH4bhyH5eoUvK6TjrEvQ-zG71N9atPVod9tlGd1dc-b-t0HcbRzrXzMeV6slllFZMa62SHyc451WkZBpuyn4dSu1nKl_FTYW59mp5VT5wakz29u0-q7-_efrv80Fx9fr-5vLhqdCdYbgjuLEIWE0ON0B2mnWux0NCj3oiuZWCIYK0FhB1XvWJWEEGA9i1SLebQk5Nqc-CaoHZyH_2k4i8ZlJe3hRAHqWL2erTSMMIF9NZRRVvjSE8oUG6JMBwYx7yw3hxY-6WfrNFlyKjGFXT9M_utHMJPyQQHQdsCeHkHiOHHUlYjd2GJc5lf4q6lGAQg9k81qNKVn10oMD35pOUFI6x0JXhXVOf_UZVj7OR1mK3zpb4ynK0MRZPtTR7UkpLcfP2y1uKDVseQUrTufkhA8k_a5CFtsqRN3qZNkmJ68XA995a_2SK_AQwnzt0</recordid><startdate>20210320</startdate><enddate>20210320</enddate><creator>Zhang, Yan-Jie</creator><creator>Shih, Peter J M</creator><creator>Wang, Jun-You</creator><creator>McNamara, Maria E</creator><creator>Shih, Chungkun</creator><creator>Ren, Dong</creator><creator>Gao, Tai-Ping</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><general>BMC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210320</creationdate><title>Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) with swollen first metatarsal segments suggesting sexual dimorphism</title><author>Zhang, Yan-Jie ; Shih, Peter J M ; Wang, Jun-You ; McNamara, Maria E ; Shih, Chungkun ; Ren, Dong ; Gao, Tai-Ping</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c597t-325e00e23d6d9c5265f429c1b0bd95471d3974e102f8aba7e939316b40a4281b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Abdomen</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biota</topic><topic>Camouflage</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Dimorphism (Biology)</topic><topic>Fossil insect</topic><topic>Genera</topic><topic>Habitus</topic><topic>Holcorpidae</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Jurassic</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mating</topic><topic>Mecoptera</topic><topic>Mesozoic</topic><topic>Metatarsal Bones</topic><topic>Metatarsus</topic><topic>Nuptial gift</topic><topic>Orthophlebiidae</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Sexual dimorphism</topic><topic>Species</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Structure</topic><topic>Tarsal swelling</topic><topic>Zoological research</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yan-Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Peter J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun-You</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McNamara, Maria E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shih, Chungkun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ren, Dong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Tai-Ping</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Science (Gale in Context)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>BMC ecology and evolution</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Yan-Jie</au><au>Shih, Peter J M</au><au>Wang, Jun-You</au><au>McNamara, Maria E</au><au>Shih, Chungkun</au><au>Ren, Dong</au><au>Gao, Tai-Ping</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) with swollen first metatarsal segments suggesting sexual dimorphism</atitle><jtitle>BMC ecology and evolution</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Ecol Evol</addtitle><date>2021-03-20</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>47</spage><epage>21</epage><pages>47-21</pages><artnum>47</artnum><issn>2730-7182</issn><eissn>2730-7182</eissn><abstract>Sexual dimorphism is widespread in insects. The certain specialized structures may be used as weapons in male-male combats or as ornaments to enhance mating opportunities.
We report striking swollen first tarsal segments in two families, four genera and six species of scorpionflies from the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota of Northeastern China. Swollen tarsal segments are restricted to male specimens and to hind leg tarsi. The geometric morphometric analyses reveal that the degree of swelling within the orthophlebiid species possessing swollen first metatarsal segments is species-specific, which can be used as a diagnostic character for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.
The new findings indicate that swollen first metatarsal segments are relatively common in the family Orthophlebiidae during the Middle Jurassic. The tarsal swellings are considered to be sexually dimorphic, potentially associated with sexually display by males and/or camouflage of a "nuptial gift" in the mating process.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>33743581</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12862-021-01771-3</doi><tpages>21</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | BMC ecology and evolution, 2021-03, Vol.21 (1), p.47-21, Article 47 |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Abdomen Animals Biota Camouflage China Dimorphism (Biology) Fossil insect Genera Habitus Holcorpidae Humans Insects Jurassic Male Mating Mecoptera Mesozoic Metatarsal Bones Metatarsus Nuptial gift Orthophlebiidae Phylogeny Physiological aspects Sex Characteristics Sexual dimorphism Species Species Specificity Structure Tarsal swelling Zoological research |
| title | Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) with swollen first metatarsal segments suggesting sexual dimorphism |
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