Terpinen-4-ol Improves Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammation by Regulating Glutamine Metabolism

• Published in: Foods 2024-06, Vol.13 (12), p.1842
• Main Authors: Liu, Yanhui, Tang, Xin, Zhang, Huazhen, Zheng, Linyan, Lai, Ping, Guo, Chang, Ma, Jingfan, Chen, Hongbo, Qiu, Longxin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidification; Antibodies; Catabolism; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Discriminant analysis; Essential oils; Fluorides; Genomics; Glutamine; Glycine; Inflammation; inflammatory cytokines; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Meat processing; Membranes; Metabolic pathways; Metabolites; Metabolomics; NF-κB protein; non-targeted metabolomics; Oxidative metabolism; Oxidative phosphorylation; Oxygen consumption; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Software; terpinen-4-ol; Terpinene; TOR protein; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Variance analysis; Western blotting
• ISSN: 2304-8158; 2304-8158
• DOI: 10.3390/foods13121842

Terpinen-4-ol (T-4-O) is an important component of tea tree oil and has anti-inflammatory effects. Currently, there are very few studies on the mechanisms by which T-4-O improves lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation. In this study, LPS-stimulated mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were used as a model to analyze the effects of T-4-O on macrophage inflammatory factors and related metabolic pathways in an inflammatory environment. The results showed that T-4-O significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. Cellular metabolism results showed that T-4-O significantly decreased the ratio of the extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate. Non-targeted metabolomics results showed that T-4-O mainly affected glutamine and glutamate metabolism and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. qPCR results showed that T-4-O increased the transcript levels of GLS and GDH and promoted glutamine catabolism. Western blotting results showed that T-4-O inhibited the mTOR and IκB, thereby decreasing NF-κB activity. The overall results showed that T-4-O inhibited mTOR phosphorylation to promote glutamine metabolism and increased cell oxidative phosphorylation levels, thereby inhibiting the expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines.