Chemical and Microbiological Techniques for Recovery and/or Removal of Elements from Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash—A Review of Basic Methods

In the face of material shortages, growing environmental awareness, and technical advancement, incinerated waste materials are being considered secondary resources. Especially incinerated sewage sludge ash is of interest due to its massive and increasing production and relatively stable composition...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2023-03, Vol.16 (6), p.2840
Main Authors: Kasina, Monika, Jarosz, Kinga
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkaline leaching
Analysis
Ashes
bioleaching
Chelation
Chemical composition
Chemical contaminants
chemical extraction
Collating
Combustion
Environmental awareness
Incineration
Incineration plants
incineration sewage sludge ash
Leaching
Metals
metals recovery
Microbiology
Microorganisms
Mineral resources
Natural resources
Outdoor air quality
Pathogens
Phosphorus
Sewage sludge
Sludge
Sludge treatment
Waste materials
Wastewater treatment
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Summary:In the face of material shortages, growing environmental awareness, and technical advancement, incinerated waste materials are being considered secondary resources. Especially incinerated sewage sludge ash is of interest due to its massive and increasing production and relatively stable composition with a satisfying concentration of elements of value. This paper revises the basic methods for recovery of valuable components from incineration sewage sludge and simultaneous removal or stabilization of elements that may negatively influence the environment with further ash usage or storage. The presented work focuses on collating and analysing the efficiency of currently used approaches as well as their limitations and perspectives for future development. Chemical methods analysed include acidic and alkaline leaching, chelating, and sequential leaching. Due to scarce examples from literature, the exploration of a microbiological approach focuses on the mechanisms and potential for application of different microorganisms for element extraction. The methods described are relatively efficient and affordable, yet still need further development. Specifically, microbiological approaches are rarely used for incineration sewage sludge treatment regardless of their potential advantages over other approaches. Constant mineral and chemical composition within one incineration plant can vary among plants due to many factors, so a well-established range of techniques and an individual approach are important.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en16062840