Latest Advances in Biomimetic Cell Membrane-Coated and Membrane-Derived Nanovectors for Biomedical Applications

In the last decades, many nanovectors were developed for different diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. However, most nanosystems have been designed using a "bottom-up" approach, in which the basic components of the nanovector become assembled to achieve complex and specific behaviors. Desp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-05, Vol.12 (9), p.1543
Main Authors: Rampado, Riccardo, Caliceti, Paolo, Agostini, Marco
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Behavior
Binding sites
Biocompatibility
Biological products
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
biomimetic
Biomimetic materials
Biomimetics
Cell membranes
coating
Coatings
Complexity
Design
drug delivery systems
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Ligands
membrane
Membranes
Monoclonal antibodies
Nanomaterials
nanomedicine
nanoparticle
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Proteins
Review
Synthetic products
Therapeutic applications
Vectors (Biology)
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Summary:In the last decades, many nanovectors were developed for different diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. However, most nanosystems have been designed using a "bottom-up" approach, in which the basic components of the nanovector become assembled to achieve complex and specific behaviors. Despite the fine control of formulative conditions, the complexity of these systems often results cumbersome and difficult to scale-up. Recently, biomimetic materials emerged as a complementary or alternative design approach through a "top-down strategy", using cell-derived materials as building blocks to formulate innovative nanovectors. The use of cell membranes as nanoparticle coatings endows nanomaterials with the biological identity and some of the functions of the cells they are derived from. In this review, we discuss some of the latest examples of membrane coated and membrane-derived biomimetic nanomaterials and underline the common general functions offered by the biomaterials used. From these examples, we suggest a systematic classification of these biomimetic materials based on their biological sources and formulation techniques, with their respective advantages and disadvantages, and summarize the current technologies used for membranes isolation and integration on nanovectors. We also discuss some current technical limitations and hint to future direction of the improvement for biomimetics.
ISSN:2079-4991
2079-4991
DOI:10.3390/nano12091543