An evaluation of isolation by distance and isolation by resistance on genetic structure of the Persian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) in the Zagros forests of Iran

• Published in: Ecology and evolution 2023-07, Vol.13 (7), p.e10225-n/a
• Main Authors: Asadi Aghbolaghi, Marzieh, Keyghobadi, Nusha, Azarakhsh, Zeinab, Dadizadeh, Marzieh, Asadi Aghbolaghi, Shahab, Zamani, Navid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Climate change; Conservation; Conservation Genetics; Forests; Gene flow; Genetic analysis; Genetic markers; Genetic structure; Genetics; Habitat fragmentation; Habitat loss; Habitats; IBD and IBR; Keystone species; Lakes; Land management; Landscape; landscape genetic; Microsatellites; Mountains; Oak; Rangelands; Rodents; Sciurus anomalus; Seeds; Squirrels; Trees; Woodlands; Zagros forest
• ISSN: 2045-7758; 2045-7758
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10225

For the conservation of wild species, it is important to understand how landscape change and land management can affect gene flow and movement. Landscape genetic analyses provide a powerful approach to infer effects of various landscape factors on gene flow, thereby informing conservation actions. The Persian squirrel is a keystone species in the woodlands and oak forests of Western Asia, where it has experienced recent habitat loss and fragmentation. We conducted landscape genetic analyses of individuals sampled in the northern Zagros Mountains of Iran (provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Ilam), focusing on the evaluation of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by resistance (IBR), using 16 microsatellite markers. The roles of geographical distance and landscape features including roads, rivers, developed areas, farming and agriculture, forests, lakes, plantation forests, rangelands, shrublands, and rocky areas of varying canopy cover, and swamp margins on genetic structure were quantified using individual‐based approaches and resistance surface modeling. We found a significant pattern of IBD but only weak support for an effect of forest cover on genetic structure and gene flow. It seems that geographical distance is an important factor limiting the dispersal of the Persian squirrel in this region. The results of the current study inform ongoing conservation programs for the Persian squirrel in the Zagros oak forest. The Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus, has a high conservation value as a keystone species in the Middle East's woodlands and oak forests. We focused on analysis of IBD and IBR using an individual‐based approach, to identify features that may potentially explain contemporary genetic structure in the northern Zagros region. Our results revealed geographical distance as the main factor that structures contemporary genetic variation among Persian squirrels in the North Zagros.