Mathematical Models of the Phase Voltages of High-, Medium- and Low-Voltage Busbars in a Substation during a Phase-to-Ground Fault on High-Voltage Busbars

• Published in: Mathematics (Basel) 2023-07, Vol.11 (13), p.3032
• Main Authors: Toader, Dumitru, Vintan, Maria
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Asymmetry; Busbars; Chemical industry; Consumers; Electric motors; Electrical installations; Herbicides; Impedance; Mathematical models; Pesticides industry; phase voltages; phase-to-ground fault; Power plants; protection setting; Substations; three-phase systems; Transmission lines; Voltage transformers
• ISSN: 2227-7390; 2227-7390
• DOI: 10.3390/math11133032

The electrical energy supply of industrial equipment is provided by electrical power stations with high- (HT), medium- (MV) and low-voltage (LV) busbars. Consumers are connected to either MV or LV busbars. In this paper, a real power station was considered, through which the gasoline extraction from the well gas installation is powered. Electric consumers (electric motors) supplied by a MV busbar have active power of 13.54 MW, and those fed by a LV busbar have active power of 6.4 MW. Since electrical consumers operate in explosive environments, the design and operating conditions are more severe than in the case of electrical installations operating in non-explosive environments. The case of a single phase-to-ground fault occurring on the HV transmission lines feeding the power station has been analysed. First, the mathematical models for the calculation of the phase voltages, the dissymmetry and asymmetry coefficients, the reduction coefficient of the plus sequence component, and the effective values of the phase voltages were established. The influence of the source impedance (the equivalent impedance of the HV transmission lines) and of the neutral point configuration of the HV/MV medium-voltage transformer on the calculated quantities was analysed. Then, the results obtained using the established mathematical models were compared with those obtained experimentally by provoking a single-phase-to-ground fault near the HV busbars of the real power station. This study has shown that the de-symmetrisation of the phase voltages of the MV and LV busbars is lower when using the Y/Δ connection for the HV/MV transformer. As a result, it is recommended the Y/Δ connection be used for this transformer, instead of the Y0/Δ connection.