A Narrative Review of the Best Anesthesia Care for Endovascular Thrombectomy: Early Diagnosis of the Ischemic Stroke and Evaluation of Risk Factors in Female Population

• Published in: Surgeries 2024-12, Vol.5 (4), p.1056-1071
• Main Authors: Coniglione, Filadelfo, Martire, Francesco Giuseppe, Domi, Rudin, d’Abate, Claudia, Donadel, Giulia, Huti, Gentian, Abdyli, Asead, Lilaj, Krenar, Piccione, Emilio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: anesthesia; gynecology; ischemic stroke; obstetrics; thrombectomy
• ISSN: 2673-4095; 2673-4095
• DOI: 10.3390/surgeries5040085

Background: The increasing incidence of cerebrovascular accidents represents an emerging problem. The rise in risk factors such as lifestyle choices—smoking, poor nutrition, and metabolic diseases—poses a significant challenge for the global healthcare system. The female population, due to physiological conditions and iatrogenic risks, may be at a greater risk of developing ischemic accidents. In addition to these acquired conditions, life phases such as pregnancy or puerperium, and medical conditions like surgical treatments and hormone therapy, may elevate this risk. Methods: This narrative aims to assess the various risk factors specific to the female population and evaluate the appropriate management strategies, including anesthetic support. Anesthesia plays a crucial role in enabling pharmacological procedures, such as thrombolysis, or surgical procedures like thrombectomy, in the management of ischemic cerebrovascular events. Results: The review emphasizes the importance of early recognition of risk factors to ensure prompt diagnosis and the most appropriate treatment options for ischemic events. Anesthesia support has become essential for carrying out necessary medical interventions effectively. Choosing the right anesthesia technique for endovascular thrombectomy is particularly significant, requiring consideration of the patient’s characteristics, the timing of diagnosis, and the preferences of the interventional neuroradiologists. Conclusions: It is vital to identify risk factors in the female population early to facilitate timely diagnosis and optimize treatment outcomes. Anesthetic support plays a key role in ensuring that critical procedures, such as thrombolysis and thrombectomy, are carried out effectively. Tailoring anesthesia choices to the patient’s individual needs is critical for a successful intervention.