In Vitro Models for Cancer-Associated Cachexia: The Complex Modelling of a Multiorgan Syndrome

Cancer-associated cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by systemic inflammation and hypermetabolism that affects different tissues and organs. Is characterised by progressive and irreversible weight loss, mainly due to skeletal muscle wasting and often accompanied by loss of fat mass....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Applied sciences 2024-07, Vol.14 (13), p.5419
Main Authors: Meireles, Isabel, Medeiros, Rui, Cerqueira, Fátima
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adipose tissue loss
Cancer therapies
cancer-associated cachexia
cardiac cachexia
Cells
Chemotherapy
Comorbidity
Cytokines
Disease
Glucose
in vitro models
Insulin resistance
Kinases
Metabolism
Mortality
Musculoskeletal system
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Sarcopenia
Senescence
skeletal muscle wasting
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Cancer-associated cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterised by systemic inflammation and hypermetabolism that affects different tissues and organs. Is characterised by progressive and irreversible weight loss, mainly due to skeletal muscle wasting and often accompanied by loss of fat mass. Due to its complexity, and lack of effective treatment, this syndrome is a sign of poor prognosis in cancer patients. Cellular models constitute a valuable and powerful tool offering insights into the molecular pathways and cellular responses associated with cancer cachexia. Currently, there are robust and widely used cell lines used to establish models to study the pathophysiology of muscle wasting and adipose tissue loss. Various methods can be used to induce the cachectic phenotype in the cells, utilising genetic engineering or different inducing agents such as hormones, inflammatory factors and chemotherapeutic drugs. The available experimental data on their metabolic properties and transcriptional and proteomic profiles allows the selection of the most suitable research model to replicate the relevant aspects of cachexia. In this review, we make an overview of the in vitro models used to study biological aspects of cancer-associated cachexia and analyse their strengths and limitations in replicating the complex physiological environment and pathological processes of the syndrome. Herein, we also briefly approach the difficulty of modelling the contribution of different organs and crosstalk between different tissues.
ISSN:2076-3417
2076-3417
DOI:10.3390/app14135419