The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Key Emphasis on Melatonin Safety and Therapeutic Efficacy

Viral infections constitute a tectonic convulsion in the normophysiology of the hosts. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not an exception, and therefore the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, like any other invading microbe, enacts a gen...

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Published in:Antioxidants 2021-07, Vol.10 (7), p.1152
Main Authors: Ramos, Eva, López-Muñoz, Francisco, Gil-Martín, Emilio, Egea, Javier, Álvarez-Merz, Iris, Painuli, Sakshi, Semwal, Prabhakar, Martins, Natália, Hernández-Guijo, Jesús M, Romero, Alejandro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adjuvant therapy
Amino acids
Antioxidants
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cytokine storm
Disease
Enzymes
Genomes
Homeostasis
Immune response
Inflammation
Medical research
Melatonin
mitochondria
Pandemics
Physiology
Proteins
Reactive nitrogen species
Reactive oxygen species
Respiratory diseases
Review
safety
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Viruses
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Summary:Viral infections constitute a tectonic convulsion in the normophysiology of the hosts. The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is not an exception, and therefore the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, like any other invading microbe, enacts a generalized immune response once the virus contacts the body. Melatonin is a systemic dealer that does not overlook any homeostasis disturbance, which consequently brings into play its cooperative triad, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-stimulant backbone, to stop the infective cycle of SARS-CoV-2 or any other endogenous or exogenous threat. In COVID-19, the corporal propagation of SARS-CoV-2 involves an exacerbated oxidative activity and therefore the overproduction of great amounts of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The endorsement of melatonin as a possible protective agent against the current pandemic is indirectly supported by its widely demonstrated beneficial role in preclinical and clinical studies of other respiratory diseases. In addition, focusing the therapeutic action on strengthening the host protection responses in critical phases of the infective cycle makes it likely that multi-tasking melatonin will provide multi-protection, maintaining its efficacy against the virus variants that are already emerging and will emerge as long as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate among us.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox10071152