Host Cell Wall Damage during Pathogen Infection: Mechanisms of Perception and Role in Plant-Pathogen Interactions

The plant cell wall (CW) is a complex structure that acts as a mechanical barrier, restricting the access to most microbes. Phytopathogenic microorganisms can deploy an arsenal of CW-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that are required for virulence. In turn, plants have evolved proteins able to inhibit the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Plants (Basel) 2021-02, Vol.10 (2), p.399
Main Authors: Lorrai, Riccardo, Ferrari, Simone
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria
Barriers
cell wall-degrading enzymes
Cell walls
Cellulase
Cellulose
Complex systems
Damage accumulation
Damage patterns
Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
Deconstruction
Enzymes
Fungi
Genomes
Immune response
Immune system
Infections
Innate immunity
Microorganisms
Nematodes
Pathogens
plant cell wall
plant innate immunity
plant-pathogen interactions
Review
Tensile strength
Virulence
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Summary:The plant cell wall (CW) is a complex structure that acts as a mechanical barrier, restricting the access to most microbes. Phytopathogenic microorganisms can deploy an arsenal of CW-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) that are required for virulence. In turn, plants have evolved proteins able to inhibit the activity of specific microbial CWDEs, reducing CW damage and favoring the accumulation of CW-derived fragments that act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and trigger an immune response in the host. CW-derived DAMPs might be a component of the complex system of surveillance of CW integrity (CWI), that plants have evolved to detect changes in CW properties. Microbial CWDEs can activate the plant CWI maintenance system and induce compensatory responses to reinforce CWs during infection. Recent evidence indicates that the CWI surveillance system interacts in a complex way with the innate immune system to fine-tune downstream responses and strike a balance between defense and growth.
ISSN:2223-7747
2223-7747
DOI:10.3390/plants10020399