Multifrequency Microwave Radiometry for Characterizing the Internal Temperature of Biological Tissues

The analysis of near-field radiometry is described for characterizing the internal temperature of biological tissues, for which a system based on multifrequency pseudo-correlation-type radiometers is proposed. The approach consists of a new topology with multiple output devices that enables real-tim...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biosensors (Basel) 2022-12, Vol.13 (1), p.25
Main Authors: Villa, Enrique, Aja, Beatriz, de la Fuente, Luisa, Artal, Eduardo, Arteaga-Marrero, Natalia, Ramos, Gara, Ruiz-Alzola, Juan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antennas
Biomedical materials
Body Temperature
Brain research
Calibration
Carotid arteries
Diabetes
Foot diseases
Humans
Magnetic resonance imaging
Microwave radiometers
microwave radiometry
Microwaves
multifrequency
Performance assessment
Prototypes
pseudo-correlation receiver
Radiation
Radiometers
Radiometry
Radiometry - methods
Receivers & amplifiers
Sensitivity
Sensors
Skin
Temperature
temperature retrieval
thermometry
Tissue analysis
Tissues
Topology
Ultrasonic imaging
X-rays
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Summary:The analysis of near-field radiometry is described for characterizing the internal temperature of biological tissues, for which a system based on multifrequency pseudo-correlation-type radiometers is proposed. The approach consists of a new topology with multiple output devices that enables real-time calibration and performance assessment, recalibrating the receiver through simultaneous measurable outputs. Experimental characterization of the prototypes includes a well-defined calibration procedure, which is described and demonstrated, as well as DC conversion from the microwave input power. Regarding performance, high sensitivity is provided in all the bands with noise temperatures around 100 K, reducing the impact of the receiver on the measurements and improving its sensitivity. Calibrated temperature retrievals exhibit outstanding results for several noise sources, for which temperature deviations are lower than 0.1% with regard to the expected temperature. Furthermore, a temperature recovery test for biological tissues, such as a human forearm, provides temperature values on the order of 310 K. In summary, the radiometers design, calibration method and temperature retrieval demonstrated significant results in all bands, validating their use for biomedical applications.
ISSN:2079-6374
2079-6374
DOI:10.3390/bios13010025