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Multifrequency Microwave Radiometry for Characterizing the Internal Temperature of Biological Tissues
The analysis of near-field radiometry is described for characterizing the internal temperature of biological tissues, for which a system based on multifrequency pseudo-correlation-type radiometers is proposed. The approach consists of a new topology with multiple output devices that enables real-tim...
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Published in: | Biosensors (Basel) 2022-12, Vol.13 (1), p.25 |
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description | The analysis of near-field radiometry is described for characterizing the internal temperature of biological tissues, for which a system based on multifrequency pseudo-correlation-type radiometers is proposed. The approach consists of a new topology with multiple output devices that enables real-time calibration and performance assessment, recalibrating the receiver through simultaneous measurable outputs. Experimental characterization of the prototypes includes a well-defined calibration procedure, which is described and demonstrated, as well as DC conversion from the microwave input power. Regarding performance, high sensitivity is provided in all the bands with noise temperatures around 100 K, reducing the impact of the receiver on the measurements and improving its sensitivity. Calibrated temperature retrievals exhibit outstanding results for several noise sources, for which temperature deviations are lower than 0.1% with regard to the expected temperature. Furthermore, a temperature recovery test for biological tissues, such as a human forearm, provides temperature values on the order of 310 K. In summary, the radiometers design, calibration method and temperature retrieval demonstrated significant results in all bands, validating their use for biomedical applications. |
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The approach consists of a new topology with multiple output devices that enables real-time calibration and performance assessment, recalibrating the receiver through simultaneous measurable outputs. Experimental characterization of the prototypes includes a well-defined calibration procedure, which is described and demonstrated, as well as DC conversion from the microwave input power. Regarding performance, high sensitivity is provided in all the bands with noise temperatures around 100 K, reducing the impact of the receiver on the measurements and improving its sensitivity. Calibrated temperature retrievals exhibit outstanding results for several noise sources, for which temperature deviations are lower than 0.1% with regard to the expected temperature. Furthermore, a temperature recovery test for biological tissues, such as a human forearm, provides temperature values on the order of 310 K. In summary, the radiometers design, calibration method and temperature retrieval demonstrated significant results in all bands, validating their use for biomedical applications.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2079-6374</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2079-6374</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/bios13010025</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36671860</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antennas ; Biomedical materials ; Body Temperature ; Brain research ; Calibration ; Carotid arteries ; Diabetes ; Foot diseases ; Humans ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Microwave radiometers ; microwave radiometry ; Microwaves ; multifrequency ; Performance assessment ; Prototypes ; pseudo-correlation receiver ; Radiation ; Radiometers ; Radiometry ; Radiometry - methods ; Receivers & amplifiers ; Sensitivity ; Sensors ; Skin ; Temperature ; temperature retrieval ; thermometry ; Tissue analysis ; Tissues ; Topology ; Ultrasonic imaging ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>Biosensors (Basel), 2022-12, Vol.13 (1), p.25</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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In summary, the radiometers design, calibration method and temperature retrieval demonstrated significant results in all bands, validating their use for biomedical applications.</description><subject>Antennas</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Body Temperature</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Carotid arteries</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Foot diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Microwave radiometers</subject><subject>microwave radiometry</subject><subject>Microwaves</subject><subject>multifrequency</subject><subject>Performance assessment</subject><subject>Prototypes</subject><subject>pseudo-correlation receiver</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Radiometers</subject><subject>Radiometry</subject><subject>Radiometry - methods</subject><subject>Receivers & 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Villa, Enrique</au><au>Aja, Beatriz</au><au>de la Fuente, Luisa</au><au>Artal, Eduardo</au><au>Arteaga-Marrero, Natalia</au><au>Ramos, Gara</au><au>Ruiz-Alzola, Juan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Multifrequency Microwave Radiometry for Characterizing the Internal Temperature of Biological Tissues</atitle><jtitle>Biosensors (Basel)</jtitle><addtitle>Biosensors (Basel)</addtitle><date>2022-12-26</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>25</spage><pages>25-</pages><issn>2079-6374</issn><eissn>2079-6374</eissn><abstract>The analysis of near-field radiometry is described for characterizing the internal temperature of biological tissues, for which a system based on multifrequency pseudo-correlation-type radiometers is proposed. 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subjects | Antennas Biomedical materials Body Temperature Brain research Calibration Carotid arteries Diabetes Foot diseases Humans Magnetic resonance imaging Microwave radiometers microwave radiometry Microwaves multifrequency Performance assessment Prototypes pseudo-correlation receiver Radiation Radiometers Radiometry Radiometry - methods Receivers & amplifiers Sensitivity Sensors Skin Temperature temperature retrieval thermometry Tissue analysis Tissues Topology Ultrasonic imaging X-rays |
title | Multifrequency Microwave Radiometry for Characterizing the Internal Temperature of Biological Tissues |
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