Exogenous Factors Affecting the Functional Integrity of Male Reproduction

Natural processes along with increased industrial production and the irresponsible behavior of mankind have resulted in environmental pollution. Environmental pollutants can be categorized based on their characteristics and appearance into the following groups: physical, biological, and chemical. Ev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Life (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2021-03, Vol.11 (3), p.213
Main Authors: Tirpák, Filip, Greifová, Hana, Lukáč, Norbert, Stawarz, Robert, Massányi, Peter
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
endocrine disruptors
heavy metals
mycotoxins
radiation
Review
spermatozoa
testes
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Summary:Natural processes along with increased industrial production and the irresponsible behavior of mankind have resulted in environmental pollution. Environmental pollutants can be categorized based on their characteristics and appearance into the following groups: physical, biological, and chemical. Every single one of them represents a serious threat to the male reproductive tract despite the different modes of action. Male gonads and gametes are especially vulnerable to the effect of exogenous factors; therefore, they are considered a reliable indicator of environmental pollution. The impact of xenobiotics or radiation leads to an irreversible impairment of fertility displayed by histological changes, modulated androgen production, or compromised spermatozoa (or germ cells) quality. The present article reviews the exogenous threats, male reproductive system, the mode of action, and overall impact on the reproductive health of humans and animals.
ISSN:2075-1729
2075-1729
DOI:10.3390/life11030213