Policy support for biochar: Review and recommendations

• Published in: Global change biology. Bioenergy 2019-02, Vol.11 (2), p.364-380
• Main Authors: Pourhashem, Ghasideh, Hung, Shih Yu, Medlock, Kenneth B., Masiello, Caroline A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agricultural production; Agriculture; biobased product policy; biochar; biochar adoption; biochar commercialization; biochar policy; Carbon; Charcoal; Costs; Ecosystems; Ethanol; Farmers; Fertilizers; financial incentive; Food security; Funding; Government policy; Incentives; Innovations; Land use planning; Legislation; Monetary incentives; Policies; policy incentive; Preservation; Public policy; R&D; Reinforcement; Research & development; Soil amendment; Soil conservation; soil health; Soils; Tax credits; US renewable products programs; Value chain
• ISSN: 1757-1693; 1757-1707
• DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12582

Significant evidence has accumulated demonstrating that soil biochar amendment has many environmental benefits; however, adoption has been slow. This raises the question of how to align the environmental benefits with commercial motivations to drive more widespread implementation. Here, we examine the role that government policy can play in accelerating production and use at commercial scale. We identify three types of programs that can support biochar production: commercial financial incentives, nonfinancial policy support, and research and development funding. We also describe how these programs are currently used to support biochar production. For example, financial incentives can motivate immediate changes in business practices while nonfinancial policies can be important mechanisms to educate consumers and expand market demand. Research and development support can provide the necessary funding for early‐stage innovations that may one day become commercially viable options, even without other types of policy support. There are different risk–reward profiles for each policy mechanism, and these must be considered when evaluating a policy direction. Finally, we offer broad recommendations to the development of policy that maximizes the net benefits of biochar adoption. Key recommendations include improving policies that allow for the monetization of environmental benefits and avoided costs, recognizing soil as a resource through national preservation policy, and developing a broadly accepted set of product standards for biochar. Significant evidence has accumulated demonstrating that soil biochar amendment has many environmental benefits; however, adoption has been slow. We examine the role that government policy can play in accelerating biochar production and use at commercial scale. We identify and analyze the US public incentives and programs that currently support biochar production and application. Our key recommendations for developing a policy that maximizes the benefits of biochar adoption include improving policies that allow for the monetization of environmental benefits and avoided costs, recognizing soil as a resource through national preservation policy, and developing a broadly accepted set of product standards for biochar.