Cluster analysis of insomnia symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic: a general population web-based survey in Iran

• Published in: Sleep science (São Paulo, SP ) SP ), 2021, Vol.14 (S 01), p.63-68
• Main Authors: Sadeghniiat-Haghighi, Khosro, Mehrabinejad, Mohammad-Mehdi, Najafi, Arezu, Shabani, Mahya, Akbarpour, Samaneh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: coronavirus infections; fear; Original; sars-cov-2; sleep; sleep initiation and maintenance disorders
• ISSN: 1984-0659; 1984-0063
• DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200087

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of insomnia and its different phenotypes as well as their association with fear of COVID-19 in the general population. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey (e-poll). All available participants who completed the online survey form were included in the current study. All individuals with a history of sleep problems were excluded. A questionnaire package consisted of insomnia severity index (ISI), and FCV-19 for corona fear was administered for all participants. Insomnia was defined as ISI≥8. Insomnia phenotypes were considered as: (a) DIS: difficulty initiating sleep; (b) DMS: difficulty maintaining sleep; (c) EMA: early morning awakening; and (d) combined insomnia. Results: A total of 1,223 participants [827 (67.6%) female, mean age=39.82±10.75 years old], enrolled in the current survey. Based on ISI, 675 (55.2% [95%CI=52.40-57.98]) were categorized into the insomnia group. Insomnia was more prevalent in females (p=0.006), participants with 50 years old or higher (p=0.04), or high fear of COVID-19 (p