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Objective screening for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective study in healthcare workers using self‐administered testing
Background Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID‐19 patients suggests that self‐reported measures are...
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| Published in: | World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery 2022-09, Vol.8 (3), p.249-256 |
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| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | 249 |
| container_title | World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery |
| container_volume | 8 |
| creator | Cao, Austin C. Nimmo, Zachary M. Mirza, Natasha Cohen, Noam A. Brody, Robert M. Doty, Richard L. |
| description | Background
Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID‐19 patients suggests that self‐reported measures are insufficient for capturing patients with chemosensory dysfunction.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recent COVID‐19 infection on chemosensory function and demonstrate the use of at‐home objective smell and taste testing in an at‐risk population of healthcare workers.
Methods
Two hundred and fifty healthcare workers were screened for possible loss of smell and taste using online surveys. Self‐administered smell and taste tests were mailed to respondents meeting criteria for elevated risk of infection, and one‐month follow‐up surveys were completed.
Results
Among subjects with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 73% reported symptoms of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Self‐reported smell and taste loss were both strong predictors of COVID‐19 positivity. Subjects with evidence of recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.02.001 |
| format | article |
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Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID‐19 patients suggests that self‐reported measures are insufficient for capturing patients with chemosensory dysfunction.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recent COVID‐19 infection on chemosensory function and demonstrate the use of at‐home objective smell and taste testing in an at‐risk population of healthcare workers.
Methods
Two hundred and fifty healthcare workers were screened for possible loss of smell and taste using online surveys. Self‐administered smell and taste tests were mailed to respondents meeting criteria for elevated risk of infection, and one‐month follow‐up surveys were completed.
Results
Among subjects with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 73% reported symptoms of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Self‐reported smell and taste loss were both strong predictors of COVID‐19 positivity. Subjects with evidence of recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (<45 days) had significantly lower olfactory scores but equivalent gustatory scores compared to other subjects. There was a time‐dependent increase in smell scores but not in taste scores among subjects with prior infection and chemosensory symptoms. The overall infection rate was 4.4%, with 2.5% reported by PCR swab.
Conclusion
Healthcare workers with recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had reduced olfaction and normal gustation on self‐administered objective testing compared to those without infection. Rates of infection and chemosensory symptoms in our cohort of healthcare workers reflect those of the general public.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2095-8811</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2589-1081</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.02.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33614178</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Anosmia ; Antibodies ; Brief Smell Identification Test ; Chemosensory dysfunction ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 diagnostic tests ; Disease transmission ; Dysgeusia ; Gustation ; Healthcare workers ; Infections ; Medical personnel ; Objective testing ; Olfaction ; Olfaction disorders ; Patients ; Polls & surveys ; Questionnaires ; Research Paper ; Research Papers ; Screening ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Statistical analysis ; Taste disorders ; University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test</subject><ispartof>World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery, 2022-09, Vol.8 (3), p.249-256</ispartof><rights>2022 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Chinese Medical Association.</rights><rights>2021 Chinese Medical Association. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.</rights><rights>2022. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (the "License"). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6019-e410638eda543d6821de3ff32f9386d7520626338a814432e8f36a756d1934e53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6019-e410638eda543d6821de3ff32f9386d7520626338a814432e8f36a756d1934e53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7879131/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3090901970?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,11562,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,38516,43895,44590,46052,46476,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33614178$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Cao, Austin C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nimmo, Zachary M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirza, Natasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Noam A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brody, Robert M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doty, Richard L.</creatorcontrib><title>Objective screening for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective study in healthcare workers using self‐administered testing</title><title>World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery</title><addtitle>World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg</addtitle><description>Background
Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID‐19 patients suggests that self‐reported measures are insufficient for capturing patients with chemosensory dysfunction.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recent COVID‐19 infection on chemosensory function and demonstrate the use of at‐home objective smell and taste testing in an at‐risk population of healthcare workers.
Methods
Two hundred and fifty healthcare workers were screened for possible loss of smell and taste using online surveys. Self‐administered smell and taste tests were mailed to respondents meeting criteria for elevated risk of infection, and one‐month follow‐up surveys were completed.
Results
Among subjects with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 73% reported symptoms of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Self‐reported smell and taste loss were both strong predictors of COVID‐19 positivity. Subjects with evidence of recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (<45 days) had significantly lower olfactory scores but equivalent gustatory scores compared to other subjects. There was a time‐dependent increase in smell scores but not in taste scores among subjects with prior infection and chemosensory symptoms. The overall infection rate was 4.4%, with 2.5% reported by PCR swab.
Conclusion
Healthcare workers with recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had reduced olfaction and normal gustation on self‐administered objective testing compared to those without infection. Rates of infection and chemosensory symptoms in our cohort of healthcare workers reflect those of the general public.</description><subject>Anosmia</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Brief Smell Identification Test</subject><subject>Chemosensory dysfunction</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 diagnostic tests</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Dysgeusia</subject><subject>Gustation</subject><subject>Healthcare workers</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Objective testing</subject><subject>Olfaction</subject><subject>Olfaction disorders</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Research Papers</subject><subject>Screening</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Taste disorders</subject><subject>University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test</subject><issn>2095-8811</issn><issn>2589-1081</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>COVID</sourceid><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkkuOEzEQhlsIxIzCnAAJWWLDJsFlt902C6RReAWNlA2PpeW0qxOHTjvY3RNlxxG4BffiJDjJzIhhhbzwo_767Cr_RfEU6AQoyJfryW4dYjthlMGEsgml8KA4Z0LpMVAFD_OaajFWCuCsuEjJL2jJuORUiMfFGecSSqjUefFrvlhj3ftrJKmOiJ3vlqQJkYS2sXUf4p7YzpHlkHp73Ll9aoYuZ4SOuCEe5P0KyXT-Zfbm94-foMk2J-DG16_IJdnGkLa3_H5we-I7skLb9qvaRiS7EL9hTGRIB1DCtskM6za-86nHiI70mPoce1I8amyb8OJmHhWf3739NP0wvpq_n00vr8a1pKDHWAKVXKGzouROKgYOedNw1miupKsEo5JJzpVVUJacoWq4tJWQDjQvUfBRMTtxXbBrs41-Y-PeBOvN8SDEpbGx93WLxmkQjrMFBwalEuXCNSjzBUrqUogGM-v1ibUdFht0NXZ9tO096P1I51dmGa5NpSoNHDLgxQ0ghu9DboTZ-FRj29oOw5AMKzVjVaVzJaPi-T_SdRhil1tlONV5gK5oVvGTqs7_kiI2d48Bag6-Mmtz9JU5-MpQZrKvctazv-u4y7l1URZUJ8HOt7j_H6b5-nHOuOZ_AIe14G0</recordid><startdate>202209</startdate><enddate>202209</enddate><creator>Cao, Austin C.</creator><creator>Nimmo, Zachary M.</creator><creator>Mirza, Natasha</creator><creator>Cohen, Noam A.</creator><creator>Brody, Robert M.</creator><creator>Doty, Richard L.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>COVID</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202209</creationdate><title>Objective screening for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective study in healthcare workers using self‐administered testing</title><author>Cao, Austin C. ; Nimmo, Zachary M. ; Mirza, Natasha ; Cohen, Noam A. ; Brody, Robert M. ; Doty, Richard L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6019-e410638eda543d6821de3ff32f9386d7520626338a814432e8f36a756d1934e53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Anosmia</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Brief Smell Identification Test</topic><topic>Chemosensory dysfunction</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 diagnostic tests</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Dysgeusia</topic><topic>Gustation</topic><topic>Healthcare workers</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Medical personnel</topic><topic>Objective testing</topic><topic>Olfaction</topic><topic>Olfaction disorders</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Polls & surveys</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Research Papers</topic><topic>Screening</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Taste disorders</topic><topic>University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Cao, Austin C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nimmo, Zachary M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirza, Natasha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cohen, Noam A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brody, Robert M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Doty, Richard L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals</collection><collection>Wiley Online Library Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Coronavirus Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Cao, Austin C.</au><au>Nimmo, Zachary M.</au><au>Mirza, Natasha</au><au>Cohen, Noam A.</au><au>Brody, Robert M.</au><au>Doty, Richard L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Objective screening for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective study in healthcare workers using self‐administered testing</atitle><jtitle>World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery</jtitle><addtitle>World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg</addtitle><date>2022-09</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>249</spage><epage>256</epage><pages>249-256</pages><issn>2095-8811</issn><eissn>2589-1081</eissn><abstract>Background
Smell and taste loss are highly prevalent symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although few studies have employed objective measures to quantify these symptoms, especially dysgeusia. Reports of unrecognized anosmia in COVID‐19 patients suggests that self‐reported measures are insufficient for capturing patients with chemosensory dysfunction.
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of recent COVID‐19 infection on chemosensory function and demonstrate the use of at‐home objective smell and taste testing in an at‐risk population of healthcare workers.
Methods
Two hundred and fifty healthcare workers were screened for possible loss of smell and taste using online surveys. Self‐administered smell and taste tests were mailed to respondents meeting criteria for elevated risk of infection, and one‐month follow‐up surveys were completed.
Results
Among subjects with prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, 73% reported symptoms of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction. Self‐reported smell and taste loss were both strong predictors of COVID‐19 positivity. Subjects with evidence of recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (<45 days) had significantly lower olfactory scores but equivalent gustatory scores compared to other subjects. There was a time‐dependent increase in smell scores but not in taste scores among subjects with prior infection and chemosensory symptoms. The overall infection rate was 4.4%, with 2.5% reported by PCR swab.
Conclusion
Healthcare workers with recent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection had reduced olfaction and normal gustation on self‐administered objective testing compared to those without infection. Rates of infection and chemosensory symptoms in our cohort of healthcare workers reflect those of the general public.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>33614178</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.wjorl.2021.02.001</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Open Access: PubMed Central; Open Access: Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Journals; Publicly Available Content Database; Coronavirus Research Database |
| subjects | Anosmia Antibodies Brief Smell Identification Test Chemosensory dysfunction COVID-19 COVID-19 diagnostic tests Disease transmission Dysgeusia Gustation Healthcare workers Infections Medical personnel Objective testing Olfaction Olfaction disorders Patients Polls & surveys Questionnaires Research Paper Research Papers Screening Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Statistical analysis Taste disorders University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test |
| title | Objective screening for olfactory and gustatory dysfunction during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A prospective study in healthcare workers using self‐administered testing |
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