Calculating torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic force for a hybrid electrical vehicle by in-wheel drive application

• Published in: Scientific reports 2024-06, Vol.14 (1), p.12912-18, Article 12912
• Main Authors: Hosseinpour, Alireza, Rahideh, Akbar, Abbas, Ahmed, Iqbal, Atif, El-Bayeh, Claude Ziad, Flah, Aymen, Ali, Enas, Ghaly, Ramy N. R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 639/166; 639/4077; Armature reaction; Auxiliary winding; Efficiency; Electric vehicles; Electrical engineering; Electromagnetic fields; Excitation coil; Fluctuations; Humanities and Social Sciences; In-wheel drive; Low frequency; Magnetic fields; multidisciplinary; R&D; Research & development; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Transportation
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63702-8

To use a Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Machine (HESM) in a hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), its performance indicators such as back-EMF, inductance and unbalanced magnetic force should be computed preferably by an analytical method. First, the back-EMF is calculated by considering alternate-teeth and all-teeth non-overlapping and overlapping windings. The effects of three types of magnetization patterns including the radial, parallel and Halbach magnetizations on the back-EMF waveform have also been investigated. Then, the self-inductance of the stator and rotor windings, the mutual inductance between the stator and rotor windings, and the mutual inductance between the stator phases are computed. Next, the components of the unbalanced magnetic force (UMF) in the direction of the x and y axes and its amplitude are computed. Moreover, the effects of the magnetization patterns on those magnetic pulls are investigated. To minimize the UMFs, symmetry must be implemented in the excitation sources; therefore, first the stator winding then the permanent magnet and rotor winding are modified in such a way that the UMFs are reduced. Increasing the temperature leads to a weakening of the magnet’s residual flux density, which strongly affects the performance characteristics of the electric machine such as Back-EMF and UMF. Finally, the ratio of the permanent magnet flux to the rotor flux is determined in such a way that the average torque is maximized. In this section, the effects of three magnetization patterns will be investigated.