An overview on leishmaniasis in Romania: Diagnosis and therapeutics

Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease considered to be one of the twenty neglected diseases by the World Health Organization, represents one of the public health concerns in endemic countries. In humans, as well as in animal counterparts, the infection can evolve with different clinical localization...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tropical medicine and infectious disease 2022-10, Vol.7 (11), p.1-16
Main Authors: Daraban Bocaneti, Florentina, Ivanescu, Larisa Maria, Miron, Liviu, Tanase, Oana Irina, Dascalu, Mihaela Anca
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Blood
Bone marrow
Climatic changes
Diseases
Dogs
Epidemiology
Health aspects
Immune system
Infections
Leishmaniasis
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Pathogenesis
Public health
Review
Risk factors
Romania
Zoonoses
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Summary:Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease considered to be one of the twenty neglected diseases by the World Health Organization, represents one of the public health concerns in endemic countries. In humans, as well as in animal counterparts, the infection can evolve with different clinical localizations, such as those that are cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Romania has been traditionally considered a nonendemic country for 'Leishmania' species infection and has had sporadic positive human cases; however, the climate change recorded in recent decades has created potentially optimal conditions for the preponderant vectors of 'Phlebotomus' spp., which has lately been identified in various parts of country. Moreover, with people and dogs (the prevailing hosts) traveling in endemic countries, the disease was imported and diagnosed in both species, and became a medical concern. In this review, we focused on the: (1) epidemiological data of leishmaniasis cases, both in humans and animals, reported by Romania; (2) diagnostic tools available for confirmation since there is a lack of gold-standard laboratory methods for human and dog patients; and (3) conventional antileishmanial therapy.
ISSN:2414-6366
2414-6366
DOI:10.3390/tropicalmed7110334