Carbon Dots for Killing Microorganisms: An Update since 2019

Frequent bacterial/fungal infections and occurrence of antibiotic resistance pose increasing threats to the public and thus require the development of new antibacterial/antifungal agents and strategies. Carbon dots (CDs) have been well demonstrated to be promising and potent antimicrobial nanomateri...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-10, Vol.15 (10), p.1236
Main Authors: Lin, Fengming, Wang, Zihao, Wu, Fu-Gen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Anti-infective agents
antibacterial
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial agents
Bacteria
bactericidal
Biomass
Carbon
carbon nanodots
carbonized polymer dots
Chemical properties
Control
disinfection
Drug resistance
E coli
Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-positive bacteria
Health aspects
Metal oxides
Microorganisms
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nitrogen
Proteins
Quantum dots
Review
Staphylococcus infections
Structure
Testing
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Summary:Frequent bacterial/fungal infections and occurrence of antibiotic resistance pose increasing threats to the public and thus require the development of new antibacterial/antifungal agents and strategies. Carbon dots (CDs) have been well demonstrated to be promising and potent antimicrobial nanomaterials and serve as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. In recent years, great efforts have been made by many researchers to develop new carbon dot-based antimicrobial agents to combat microbial infections. Here, as an update to our previous relevant review (C 2019, 5, 33), we summarize the recent achievements in the utilization of CDs for microbial inactivation. We review four kinds of antimicrobial CDs including nitrogen-doped CDs, metal-containing CDs, antibiotic-conjugated CDs, and photoresponsive CDs in terms of their starting materials, synthetic route, surface functionalization, antimicrobial ability, and the related antimicrobial mechanism if available. In addition, we summarize the emerging applications of CD-related antimicrobial materials in medical and industry fields. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges of antimicrobial CDs and the future research directions that are worth exploring. We believe that this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in antimicrobial CDs and may inspire the development of new CDs with desirable antimicrobial activities.
ISSN:1424-8247
1424-8247
DOI:10.3390/ph15101236