ESCRT-III-dependent adhesive and mechanical changes are triggered by a mechanism detecting alteration of septate junction integrity in Drosophila epithelial cells

• Published in: eLife 2024-02, Vol.13
• Main Authors: Esmangart de Bournonville, Thomas, Jaglarz, Mariusz K, Durel, Emeline, Le Borgne, Roland
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Actin; Adherens junctions; Animals; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell division; cell-cell junction; Drosophila; Drosophila - metabolism; Drosophila melanogaster - metabolism; Drosophila Proteins - genetics; Drosophila Proteins - metabolism; E-cadherin; Embryos; epithelia; Epithelial cells; Epithelial Cells - metabolism; Homeostasis; Insects; integrin; Integrins; Integrins - metabolism; Intercellular Junctions - metabolism; Life Sciences; Membrane proteins; membrane trafficking; Muscle proteins; Myosin; Proteins; Spectrin; Vinculin
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/eLife.91246

Barrier functions of proliferative epithelia are constantly challenged by mechanical and chemical constraints. How epithelia respond to and cope with disturbances of barrier functions to allow tissue integrity maintenance is poorly characterised. Cellular junctions play an important role in this process and intracellular traffic contribute to their homeostasis. Here, we reveal that, in pupal , alteration of the bi- or tricellular septate junctions (SJs) triggers a mechanism with two prominent outcomes. On one hand, there is an increase in the levels of E-cadherin, F-actin, and non-muscle myosin II in the plane of adherens junctions. On the other hand, β-integrin/Vinculin-positive cell contacts are reinforced along the lateral and basal membranes. We found that the weakening of SJ integrity, caused by the depletion of bi- or tricellular SJ components, alters ESCRT-III/Vps32/Shrub distribution, reduces degradation and instead favours recycling of SJ components, an effect that extends to other recycled transmembrane protein cargoes including Crumbs, its effector β-Heavy Spectrin Karst, and β-integrin. We propose a mechanism by which epithelial cells, upon sensing alterations of the SJ, reroute the function of Shrub to adjust the balance of degradation/recycling of junctional cargoes and thereby compensate for barrier junction defects to maintain epithelial integrity.