Molecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2021-09, Vol.22 (17), p.9139
• Main Author: Hyun, Chang-Kee
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Comorbidity; Crohn's disease; Cytokines; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Digestive system; Disease; Enzymes; Epidemiology; Fatty liver; Homeostasis; Immune system; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Inflammatory response; Insulin resistance; Intestinal microflora; Intestine; Liver diseases; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolites; Microbiota; Microorganisms; Molecular modelling; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; Obesity; Pathogenesis; Peptides; Permeability; Review; Risk analysis; Risk factors; type 2 diabetes; Ulcerative colitis
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179139

Despite considerable epidemiological evidence indicating comorbidity between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as common pathophysiological features shared by these two categories of diseases, the relationship between their pathogenesis at molecular levels are not well described. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a characteristic pathological feature of IBD, which also plays causal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with a pro-inflammatory response of the intestinal immune system, possibly leading to the development of both diseases. In addition, dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immunity have been found to contribute to immune-mediated disorders including the two diseases. In connection with disrupted gut microbial composition, alterations in gut microbiota-derived metabolites have also been shown to be closely related to the pathogeneses of both diseases. Focusing on these prominent pathophysiological features observed in both metabolic disorders and IBD, this review highlights and summarizes the molecular risk factors that may link between the pathogeneses of the two diseases, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity.