An RNA-Scaffold Protein Subunit Vaccine for Nasal Immunization

Developing recombinant proteins as nasal vaccines for inducing systemic and mucosal immunity against respiratory viruses is promising. However, additional adjuvants are required to overcome the low immunogenicity of protein antigens. Here, a self-adjuvanted protein-RNA ribonucleoprotein vaccine was...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2023-09, Vol.11 (10), p.1550
Main Authors: Lam, Joy-Yan, Wong, Wan-Man, Yuen, Chun-Kit, Ng, Yau-Yee, San, Chun-Hin, Yuen, Kwok-Yung, Kok, Kin-Hang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adapters
Adjuvants
Antibodies
Antigens
Autoantigens
Chemokines
Clinical trials
Cloning
COVID-19 vaccines
Glycerol
Immune system
Immunity
Immunization
Immunogenicity
Immunoglobulin A
Infections
Intranasal medication
Lymphocytes T
Manufacturers
Medical research
Methods
Modularity
Mucosal immunity
Nanoparticles
nasal vaccine
Pandemics
Plasmids
protein subunit vaccine
Proteins
Ribonucleic acid
RNA
RNA scaffold
RNA viruses
SARS-CoV-2
Scaffolds
self-adjuvanted
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccines
Viral diseases
Viral infections
Viruses
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Description
Summary:Developing recombinant proteins as nasal vaccines for inducing systemic and mucosal immunity against respiratory viruses is promising. However, additional adjuvants are required to overcome the low immunogenicity of protein antigens. Here, a self-adjuvanted protein-RNA ribonucleoprotein vaccine was developed and found to be an effective nasal vaccine in mice and the SARS-CoV-2 infection model. The vaccine consisted of spike RBD (as an antigen), nucleoprotein (as an adaptor), and ssRNA (as an adjuvant and RNA scaffold). This combination robustly induced mucosal IgA, neutralizing antibodies and activated multifunctional T-cells, while also providing sterilizing immunity against live virus challenge. In addition, high-resolution scRNA-seq analysis highlighted airway-resident immune cells profile during prime-boost immunization. The vaccine also possesses modularity (antigen/adaptor/RNA scaffold) and can be made to target other viruses. This protein-RNA ribonucleoprotein vaccine is a novel and promising approach for developing safe and potent nasal vaccines to combat respiratory virus infections.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines11101550