Metabolic Syndrome, Kidney-Related Adiposity, and Kidney Microcirculation: Unraveling the Damage

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated risk factors, including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral adiposity, all of which contribute to kidney microvascular injury and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the specific impact of each comp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedicines 2024-11, Vol.12 (12), p.2706
Main Authors: Jang, Kyu Won, Hur, Jin, Lee, Dong Won, Kim, Seo Rin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissues
Body fat
Chronic kidney failure
Development and progression
Dyslipidemia
Endothelium
Hypertension
Hypoglycemic agents
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Kidney diseases
kidney microcirculation
kidney-related fat
Kinases
Metabolic syndrome
Microvasculature
Obesity
Oxidative stress
Renal function
Review
Risk factors
Type 2 diabetes
visceral adiposity
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Summary:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated risk factors, including insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral adiposity, all of which contribute to kidney microvascular injury and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the specific impact of each component of MetS on kidney microcirculation remains unclear. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity, understanding how visceral fat-particularly fat surrounding the kidneys-affects kidney microcirculation is critical. This review examines the consequences of visceral obesity and other components of MetS on renal microcirculation. These kidney-related fat deposits can contribute to the mechanical compression of renal vasculature, promote inflammation and oxidative stress, and induce endothelial dysfunction, all of which accelerate kidney damage. Each factor of MetS initiates a series of hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances that impair kidney microcirculation, leading to vascular remodeling and microvascular rarefaction. The review concludes by discussing therapeutic strategies targeting the individual components of MetS, which have shown promise in alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress. Integrated approaches that address both of the components of MetS and kidney-related adiposity may improve renal outcomes and slow the progression of CKD.
ISSN:2227-9059
2227-9059
DOI:10.3390/biomedicines12122706