Analysis of Free Sugars, Organic Acids, and Fatty Acids of Wood Apple (Limonia acidissima L.) Fruit Pulp

• Published in: Horticulturae 2022-01, Vol.8 (1), p.67
• Main Authors: Lamani, Shrinivas, Anu-Appaiah, Konerira Aiyappa, Murthy, Hosakatte Niranjana, Dewir, Yaser Hassan, Rikisahedew, Jesamine J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Apples; Carbohydrates; Citric acid; Constituents; Cultivation; Diuretics; Esters; Fatty acid methyl esters; Fatty acids; free sugars; Fruit cultivation; Fruit trees; Fruits; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gas chromatography; GC-MS; Hardwoods; High performance liquid chromatography; HPLC; Limonia acidissima; Linoleic acid; Linolenic acid; Liquid chromatography; Metabolism; Morphology; Nutritional status; Oils & fats; Oleic acid; Organic acids; Potassium; Pulp; Reagents; Seeds; Sodium; Sugar; UPLC; Wood
• ISSN: 2311-7524; 2311-7524
• DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010067

Wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) is an underutilized, fruit-yielding tree that is native to India and Sri Lanka. Wood apple trees are also cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Kampuchea, Laos, and Indonesia for delicious fruits and medicinal purposes. The major objective of the present work was the analysis of the nutritional status of wood apple fruit pulp.The fruits are rich in total carbohydrates (24.74 ± 0.19%), total proteins (9.30 ± 0.16%), oil (0.99 ± 0.01%), fiber (3.32 ± 0.02%), and ash (2.73 ± 0.12%). Further analysis and quantification of free sugars, organic acids, and fatty acid methyl esters were carried out by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatographic (GC) methods. In total, five sugars and nine organic acids were detected and quantified. The predominant sugars were fructose (16.40 ± 0.23%) and glucose (14.23 ± 0.10%), whereas the predominant organic acids were D-tartaric (4.01 ± 0.03%), ascorbic (4.51 ± 0.05%), and citric acid (4.27 ± 0.04%). The oil content of fruit pulp was 0.99 ± 0.01% and GC-MS analysis revealed that, it comprise of 16 fatty acid methyl esters. The percentage of saturated fatty acids were 32.17 ± 0.35%, that includes palmitic (18.52 ± 0.12%) and stearic acids (9.02 ± 0.08%), whereas, the unsaturated fatty acids were 51.98 ± 0.94%, including oleic acid (23.89 ± 0.06%), α-linolenic acid (16.55 ± 0.26%), linoleic acid (10.02 ± 0.43%), and vaccenic acid (1.78 ± 0.23%).